胰岛素休克疗法在中国的兴衰(1930s—1980s)  

The Rise and Decline of the Insulin Shock Therapy in China(1930s—1980s)

作　　者：谷晓阳 GU Xiaoyang(School of Medical Humanities,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学医学人文学院医学伦理学与医学史学学系,北京100069

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2021年第3期372-384,共13页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(项目编号:19YJCZH040)。

摘　　要：胰岛素休克疗法是精神病学躯体疗法中的典型代表,20世纪30年代兴起后在全球得到广泛应用。20世纪50年代中后期,抗精神病药物的出现、疗效评价标准的变革等因素使得该疗法逐步被欧美主流医学抛弃。但在同时期的中国,医学界在苏联医学的影响下对该疗法的理论、实践开展了诸多探索,对其应用价值做出了与西方有别的判定。胰岛素休克疗法与抗精神病药物并行应用了相当长时间,直到20世纪80年代才正式退出中国精神分裂症治疗的主流舞台,且精神病学教科书对其价值保留了一定正面评价。该疗法的兴衰并非由医学知识、医疗技术的发展决定,而是明确受到了政治、经济、社会、文化等因素的影响。As one of the major somatic therapies in psychiatry in the last century,insulin shock therapy,also known as insulin coma therapy(ICT),was quickly used worldwide after its invention in the 1930s.In the late 1950s,ICT was gradually casted out of the mainstream therapies by the medical society,since the new psychopharmacology thrived and the standard to evaluate the effectiveness of therapies changed.Clinical trials brought new evidence which questioned the former ideas about ICT.But in China,under the influence of Soviet medicine,Chinese psychiatrists conducted in-depth studies on the theory and practice of ICT and had different opinions on the effectiveness of ICT.Both ICT and antipsychotic drugs were used for a rather long time in China.It was not until the 1980s that ICT was no longer among the main therapeutic options of psychiatry.But it was still regarded as an effective method in textbooks.Instead of describing the history of medicine in a simple way by explaining the rise and decline of ICT in China as a therapeutic progress in psychiatry,arguments were made that the process was affected by political,economic,social,cultural factors and so on.

关 键 词：胰岛素休克疗法 巴甫洛夫 精神病学史 苏联医学 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] R74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]