20世纪上半叶美国科技人才资源与人才环境管窥  

A Glimpse of American Scientific and Technological Talent Resources and Talent Environment in the First Half of the 20th Century

作　　者：张瑾[1] ZHANG Jin(Institute of World History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《湖南工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期120-128,共9页Journal of Hunan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“英美科技人才发展及其政策比较研究(1950—2000)”(17CSS034)。

摘　　要：进入20世纪后,特别是经过两次世界大战,美国研究型大学迅速崛起,由联邦政府主导的国家科技体制逐渐形成并不断完善,人才培养环境也不断优化;同时,美国形成和完善了开放的人才制度,面向全球人才敞开移民、留学与就业之门,主动吸收和网罗全球的科学精英人才,不断享受到国际人才流入带来的巨大效益,荟萃了包括出生于本土以及来自于其他国家的最为庞大的世界一流科学家群体,成为世界公认的高等教育中心和科技中心。20世纪上半叶美国对科技人才的培育、对外来人才的吸收之成功经验,对我国新时代的科技发展和人才培养都不乏借鉴和启示意义。After entering the 20th century,especially after the two world wars,the US research universities have risen rapidly,and the national scientific and technological system led by the federal government and the talent training environment have gradually been formed and continuously optimized.At the same time,the United States has formed and perfected an open talent system.It opens the door for immigration,study and employment and absorbs the global scientific talents,constantly enjoying the tremendous benefits of international talent inflow,and gathering the largest group of world-class scientists not only born in America but also from other countries.America has become a world-recognized higher education center and technology center.The successful experience of the cultivation of scientific and technological talents and the absorption of foreign talents in the first half of the 20th century is of great reference and enlightenment to China’s scientific and technological development and talent training in the new era.

关 键 词：美国科技人才 人才资源 人才环境 技术移民 

分 类 号：G30[文化科学] C964[经济管理—人力资源管理]