Endogenous reverse transcriptase and RNase H-mediated antiviral mechanism in embryonic stem cells  

作　　者：Junyu Wu Chunyan Wu Fan Xing Liu Cao Weijie Zeng Liping Guo Ping Li Yongheng Zhong Hualian Jiang Manhui Luo Guang Shi Lang Bu Yanxi Ji Panpan Hou Hong Peng Junjiu Huang Chunmei Li Deyin Guo 

机构地区：[1]Centre for Infection and Immunity Study(CHS),School of Medicine(Shenzhen),Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China [2]MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol,School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China

出　　处：《Cell Research》2021年第9期998-1010,共13页细胞研究（英文版）

基　　金：The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81620108020 and 32041002 to D.G.,31800151 to J.W.,81803568 to FX);Guangdong Zhujiang Talents Program(to D.G.);Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20180411143323605 and JSGG20200225150431472 to D.G.,JCYJ20170818162249554 to F,X.);National Ten-thousand Talents Program(to D.G.)。

摘　　要：Nucleic acid-based systems play important roles in antiviral defense,including CRISPR/Cas that adopts RNA-guided DNA cleavage to prevent DNA phage infection and RNA interference(RNAi)that employs RNA-guided RNA cleavage to defend against RNA virus infection.Here,we report a novel type of nucleic acid-based antiviral system that exists in mouse embryonic stem cells(mESCs),which suppresses RNA virus infection by DNA-mediated RNA cleavage.We found that the viral RNA of encephalomyocarditis virus can be reverse transcribed into complementary DNA(vcDNA)by the reverse transcriptase(RTase)encoded by endogenous retrovirus-like elements in mESCs.The vcDNA is negative-sense single-stranded and forms DNA/RNA hybrid with viral RNA.The viral RNA in the heteroduplex is subsequently destroyed by cellular RNase H1,leading to robust suppression of viral growth.

关 键 词：ENDOGENOUS CLEAVAGE destroyed 

分 类 号：R329.2[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]