数字-空间联结的内在机制:基于工作记忆的视角  

The Intrinsic Mechanism of Spatial-Numerical Associations:Base on The Perspective of The Working Memory Account

作　　者：戴隆农 潘运[1] DaiLongnong;Pan Yun(School of Psychology,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学心理学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《心理科学》2021年第4期793-799,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860281,31260234);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5769号)的资助。

摘　　要：已有研究证实数字-空间联结是普遍存在的现象,当前对数字-空间联结主要有两种解释。其中,心理数字线假设认为数字的心理表征是一条从左到右方向的水平线,而工作记忆假设认为数字-空间联结是任务执行期间暂时的工作记忆表征。本文通过分析心理数字线假设不能解释的数字-空间联结现象,来探讨工作记忆假设的适用性,并通过工作记忆的核心观点来解释数字-空间联结现象,以期更好地揭示数字-空间联结的内在机制。但关于工作记忆假设仍有亟待解决的问题,还需实证研究探讨。Spatial-numerical association is a phenomenon in which numbers are closely related to space.A large number of studies have confirmed that this association is a widespread phenomenon.It has two dominant explanations for the spatial-numerical associations:1)Mental Number Line:People use the Mental Number Line stored in long-term memory to process the numbers,which complies with the reading habits from left to right,and arrange the numbers in ascending order on a similar physical line.The small number is on the left and the large number is on the right,and this line is placed on a specific spatial frame;2.Working Memory Account:When people are dealing with verbal information such as numbers,a mental"work-space"based on experience or related to current task requirements is established in working memory in order to process and manipulate these verbal information.The"workspace"consists of the connection between relevant verbal information and specific space templates selected from long-term memory based on experience,and is populated based on the most common experience of these contents,for example,numbers are arranged in ascending order from left to right.Moreover,the connection between the verbal information that meets the requirements of the current task and the specific space template will be temporarily constructed in the"work-space",for example,the instruction sequence set 8-1-4-6-3 is arranged in the order of memory,this can help people complete their current tasks more effectively.When numbers are processed,the brain matches the presented number with specific spatial templates in the"work-space",forming the spatial coding of the numbers and producing the digital-spatial connection phenomenon.Based on previous studies,researchers found that the Mental Number Line does not explain some spatial-numerical associations.For example,(1)the SNARC effect depends on the range of numbers in which the numbers are located in the experimental task;(2)The SNARC effect is affected by the visual object;3)Changing the instructio

关 键 词：数字认知 数字-空间联结 SNARC效应 工作记忆 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]