高校心理咨询师多重关系情境与决策类型的研究  

Study on Ethical Situations and Decisions Molds about Multiple Relationship of Counseling in University

作　　者：谢悦 贾晓明[1] Xie Yue;Jia Xiaoming(School of Humanities and Social Sciences.Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,100081)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《心理科学》2021年第4期1004-1011,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：为探索高校咨询师面临的多重关系伦理情境、决策过程,对访谈17名高校心理咨询师的资料进行分析。结果:常见情境主要包括收受礼物承载的新关系、来访者和咨询师除咨询关系外的师生关系、咨询师与和来访者有关的第三人有关系、咨询师在咨询室之外的场所偶遇来访者、来访者有咨询师的联系方式、来访者和咨询师有身体接触等。决策表现为两种:经验主导型,决策时未意识到处于伦理情境只凭经验决策;伦理主导型,决策时意识到处在伦理情境。结论:高校心理咨询存在一些特殊多重关系,心理咨询师需增加具有伦理意识的决策。In China, a counselor in university may work both as a teacher and an administrator at the same time, which makes the issues of multiple relationship ethics stand out, especially in universities. In this study, qualitative research methods and in-depth interviews were used to explore ethical awareness and decision-making modes on multiple relationship issues of 17 counselors who have engaged in counseling in universities for more than five years. Among the 17 counselors, 4 of them were males and 13 were females, aged around 43.5±9.3. Their average years working in universities weree 10.2±2.9 and 8.6±3.1. After the interview, we made the recording into transcripts and completed coding analyses. The results are as follows.The multiple relationships of counseling in universities mainly include new relationship established through gift-giving;teacher-student relationship besides client-counselor relationship;counselors having relationships with third parties of the clients;clients encountering counselors outside the counseling room;clients having personal contacts of the counselors;clients having physical contact with counselors. The counselors in this interview do not mention their experience of sexual relationship. We found that the multiple relationships in universities can be divided into explicit and implicit ones. The explicit multiple relationships are difficult to avoid, such as the relationship between teachers and students and the relationship between supervisor and supervisees. Other than this, implicit multiple relationships are not uncommon either. For instance, the same counselor provides counseling for lovers, classmates, roommates, etc.According to the steps of the decision process and the content of the decision, we found that counselors usually have two modes of decisionmaking on multiple relationship ethical issues: The “experience-oriented” mode that first considers the empirical factors in the decision-making process and the “ethics-oriented” mode that first considers the ethical facto

关 键 词：心理咨询 多重关系 伦理情境 伦理决策 高校 

分 类 号：G448[哲学宗教—心理学]