雅斯贝尔斯的共情理论及其心理治疗意义  

Karl Jaspers’theory of empathy and its significance for psychotherapy

作　　者：徐献军 赵若瑶 陈旭日 XU Xianjun;ZHAO Ruoyao;CHEN Xuri(Department of Psychology,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Department of Philosophy,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Department of Clinical Psychology,Hospital of Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Shool of Humanittes,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学心理学系,上海200092 [2]同济大学哲学系,上海200092 [3]同济大学校医院临床心理科,上海200092 [4]同济大学人文学院,上海200092

出　　处：《心理研究》2021年第5期399-403,共5页Psychological Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“现象学与精神病理学的相互澄明关系研究”(17BZX084)。

摘　　要：雅斯贝尔斯的共情理论是现象学与心理病理学、心理治疗的结合,意在为获取他人或患者的内在体验提供一种方法。雅斯贝尔斯的共情理解就是通过他人或患者的语言或非语言表达,置换到他人或患者的视角中,以便理解他们内在体验的方法。这种共情实际上属于一阶共情,而它的局限就是那些根本无法理解的体验。因此,雅斯贝尔斯由理解心理学转向了说明心理学。但实际上,为了克服一阶共情的局限性,我们还可以尝试二阶共情,即悬搁原本的世界体验和先入为主的理论,以便尽可能克服心理治疗师与患者之间的存在论差异。Karl Jaspers’theory of empathy is a combination of phenomenology,psychopathology,and psychotherapy,and it is intended to provide a way to obtain inner experiences of others or patients.Jaspers’empathetic understanding is a method of transposing into the perspective of others or patients through the verbal or non-verbal expressions of them in order to understand their inner experiences.This kind of empathy actually is the first-order empathy,and its limitations are those incomprehensible experiences.Therefore,Jaspers turned from understanding psychology to explaining psychology.However,in order to overcome limitations of first-order empathy,we can also use second-order empathy,that is,to suspend former experiences and theories in order to overcome ontological differences between psychotherapists and patients as much as possible.

关 键 词：现象学 共情 雅斯贝尔斯 心理病理学 心理治疗 

分 类 号：B84-0[哲学宗教—基础心理学]