无效辩护制度的反思与构建  

Reflections and Construction of Invalid Defense System

作　　者：周鸿飞 ZHOU Hongfei(School of Law,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《洛阳理工学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第5期31-39,共9页Journal of Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：随着刑事辩护律师全覆盖的试行办法运行,虽然从本质上解决了被告人享有律师辩护的充分性要求,但享有律师辩护和获得律师有效辩护应当属于应然和实然两个层面。而目前我国刑事辩护制度存在着辩护实效的虚质化、义务规定的宽泛化、检验标准单一化及救济措施空白等多重困境。为了确保刑事被告人辩护权得以切实保障,应当明确律师有效辩护的判断标准,以“前置要件和界定要素”为核心构建无效辩护的界定范围;在“缺陷+损害”的认定基础上平衡证明责任和区分层级证明标准,以解决无效辩护的证明困境;在程序性制裁的基础上区分庭审阶段明悉无效辩护的救济途径。The trial operation of the full coverage of criminal defense lawyers has essentially solved the sufficient requirements for defendants to enjoy lawyer′s defense,but having lawyer′s defense and obtaining lawyer′s effective defense should belong to two aspects:what should be and what it is.At present,there are multiple difficulties in China′s criminal defense system,such as the insubstantiation of defense effectiveness,the broadness of obligation provisions,the simplification of inspection standards and the blank of relief measures.In order to ensure that the right of defense of the criminal defendant can be effectively guaranteed,it is necessary to clarify the judgment standard of effective defense of lawyers,and to construct the definition scope of invalid defense with"prerequisites and defining elements"as the core;balance the burden of proof and distinguish the hierarchical standards of proof on the basis of the determination of"deficiency+damage"to solve the proof dilemma of invalid defense;on the basis of procedural sanctions,distinguish the remedies for invalid defense at the court trial stage.

关 键 词：无效辩护 界定标准 证明责任 救济措施 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]