土司的消亡之路:清代赤溪湳洞司改土归流后存废问题再辨  

The Road to the Destruction of the Headmen:A Re-discrimination on the Issue of Storage and Abandonment after the Division of ChixiNandong in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：吴才茂[1] WU Cai-mao

机构地区：[1]凯里学院人文学院,贵州凯里556011

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2021年第3期20-27,共8页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：2019年国家社会科学基金一般项目“明清清水江官文书整理与研究”(批准号:19BZS010)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明清时期,贵州东南部的赤溪湳洞长官司,因逼近"生苗地界",所辖地域甚广,其设置、辖区、革废之记载,前后抵牾之处甚多,须要辨明。经考辨,赤溪湳洞司明初有一个"先朝"归附与从征有功合二为一的设置过程,而改土归流之记载,亦仅为康熙二十三年"停止承袭"之讹传。在雍正朝大规模改土归流行动中,其通过参与"新辟苗疆"立功而再次获得世袭的权力,身份亦由长官司一分为二变为两个土千总。但是,在地方社会实际运行中,仍以"长官司"的名义而非"土千总"的名头行事,土千总只是在官方职官与世袭系统中的表达,赤溪湳洞司则存于地方社会,体现了地方官府基于苗疆治理实际而作出的灵活性制度创造。In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the chief of ChixiNandong in southeastern Guizhou was close to the"Boundary of Sheng Miao", and the jurisdiction was very wide. Therefore, there are many contradictory records about its installation, jurisdiction, and abolition, and it is necessary to distinguish clearly. Through examination and identification, ChixiNandong Division had a"first dynasty"in the early Ming Dynasty to surrender and conquer the setting process of combining merits and demerits, and the record of changing the land and returning was only in 1684. The rumor of being"stopped from inheriting". In the Yongzheng Dynasty’s large-scale land reform and return operation, it gained new credit by participating in the "new Miaojiang", and once again obtained the power of hereditary positions, and its identity was also divided from the original Chief Division into two. total. However, in the actual operation of the local society, it still acts in the name of"Zhang Guansi" instead of"TuQianzong", which is only its expression in the official officials and hereditary system, ChixiNandong The Division exists in the local society and embodies the creation of the flexible system made by the local government based on the reality of Miao border governance.

关 键 词：清代 土司制度 赤溪湳洞司 改土归流 清水江文书 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]