环境胁迫对氨氧化菌群的影响研究进展  

Advances in the effects of environmental stress on ammonia-oxidizing communities

作　　者：安丽荣 卞文新 刘宝华 申天琳 AN Lirong;BIAN Wenxin;LIU Baohua;SHEN Tianlin(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer,College of Resource and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Dezhou Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dezhou 253100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,泰安271018 [2]德州市平原县农业农村局,德州253100

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2021年第3期808-815,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(41703080);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2017YFD0200704);山东省重大科技创新工程项目子课题(2017CXGC0306);山东省高等学校科技计划项目资助(J16LF01)资助。

摘　　要：土壤污染物具有隐蔽性、滞后性、难治理性等特点,长期影响着土壤生态环境的安全,如何全面、实时地监测土壤环境质量成为当今的研究热点.氮素转化过程是元素地球化学循环中对土壤污染和质量十分敏感的代谢过程.硝化作用是氮素转化的主要过程之一,从硝化作用的限速步骤——氨氧化过程为切入点,综述环境条件如pH、铵浓度、O2浓度、有机质含量、温度、季节等对氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)和氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)的生理生化性质、转录水平和群落结构的影响,以及利用分子生物学方法测定氨氧化菌群结构及其功能基因表达量用于反映环境变化的应用前景.微生物在酶的协同作用下完成氨氧化作用;目前对氨氧化菌群群落结构的研究对象主要为16S rRNA基因和amoA功能基因;在不同的生态环境条件下,氨氧化古菌比氨氧化细菌的分布更广,且在同一环境因子胁迫下,AOB和AOA的响应有所不同,AOA在低温、低铵浓度、酸性等寡营养条件下更为活跃,AOB则在高铵浓度、碱性等条件下更为活跃,这表明二者在不同的环境条件下对硝化作用的贡献不同.最后对氨氧化菌群群落结构以及氨氧化相关基因表达水平在揭示环境变化方面进行了展望,认为未来对氨氧化微生物代谢关键酶的基因表达信息、AOA和AOB变化规律与环境因子之间的相关性进行深入研究是非常有必要的.Soil pollutants affect the safety of the soil ecology because they are concealed,difficult to control,and hysteretic.Following the"Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan"proposed by the State Council,studies have focused on the monitoring of soil environmental quality in a comprehensive and realtime manner.Nitrogen transformation is a geochemical cycle of elements that are sensitive to soil pollution and quality.Nitrification is an important process affecting nitrogen transformation.The first and rate-limiting step of nitrification is the ammonia-oxidizing process.In this study,the physiological and biochemical properties,transcription level,and community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and ammoniaoxidizing archaea(AOA)were reviewed under environmental stresses such as pH,ammonium availability,O2 concentration,organic matter content,temperature,and seasonal changes.Molecular biology methods to determine the structures of ammonia-oxidizing microbes and the expression of functional genes were summarized for their application in reflecting environmental change.The following inferences were derived:ammonia oxidation was accomplished under the synergistic action of enzymes;16 S rRNA genes and ammonia oxidation function genes need to be assessed primarily for studying the community structure of ammoniaoxidizing microbes;in different environments,AOA were more widely distributed than AOB;and the responses of AOA and AOB to the same environmental stress were different(AOA was more active under low temperature,low ammonium concentration,acid,and other oligotrophic conditions,whereas AOB was more active under high ammonium concentration and alkalinity),which indicated that they made different contributions to nitrification under the same environmental conditions.Finally,we concluded that ammonia-oxidizing microorganism community structure and ammonia-oxidizing function gene transcription levels can be used to reveal environmental changes.Studying the gene expression of key enzymes in the metabolism o

关 键 词：硝化作用 氨氧化古菌 氨氧化细菌 功能基因 环境监测 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X53