前置式大垄原茬地种床整备装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Cleaning and Anti-blocking of Front-mounted Seed Bed Preparation Device for Grand Ridge with Raw Stubble

作　　者：陈海涛[1] 魏志鹏 苏文海[1] 侯守印[1] 纪文义[1] 史乃煜 CHEN Haitao;WEI Zhipeng;SU Wenhai;HOU Shouyin;JI Wenyi;SHI Naiyu(College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2021年第10期51-60,73,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201004);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(GARS04)。

摘　　要：为解决东北寒区部分播种机在秸秆重度覆盖还田地区无法正常播种作业问题,基于2BMFJDL4型原茬地免耕精量播种机侧向清秸覆秸原理,结合玉米大豆1.1 m大垄轮作宽窄行种植模式,设计了一种前置式原茬地种床整备装置。通过理论分析和计算机仿真,设计了装置结构和液压系统,确定了其作业关键参数范围,液压系统分析结果表明,液压悬挂系统和液压驱动系统各执行元件的同步性能、转速和扭矩均满足作业技术要求。应用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件和三因素三水平正交试验方法,以作业速度、种床整备单元组刀轴转速和种床整备刀齿入土深度为试验因素,以清秸率、覆秸均匀度和每个种床整备单元组刀轴旋转功耗为评价指标,实施参数组合优化田间试验。结果表明,在参数组合为作业速度7.2 km/h、种床整备单元组刀轴转速600 r/min、种床整备刀齿入土深度30 mm时,清秸率为91.03%,覆秸均匀度为92.61%,每个种床整备单元组刀轴旋转功耗为7.96 kW,性能满足生产农艺技术要求;研究结果为提高播种机利用率和原茬地免耕覆秸播种机械化技术模式在玉米秸秆全量还田地区的推广应用提供了技术支持。In order to solve the problem that part of the planter could not normally sow in the area with heavy straw mulching in the cold region of Northeast China,based on the principle of 2BMFJDL4 no-tillage precision planter in the primary stubble field,combining with the wide and narrow row planting pattern of 1.1 m large ridge rotation of corn and soybean,a kind of front-mounted seed bed preparation device for primary stubble field was designed.The front-mounted seed bed preparation device and the active seeder constituted a no-tillage and seeding over straw compound operation machine,which can complete a number of functions such as seed bed preparation,straw moderate crushing,no-tillage and seeding,straw mulching and returning to the field.Through theoretical analysis and computer simulation,the structure and hydraulic system of the device were designed,and the range of the key parameters of operation was determined.The results of hydraulic system analysis showed that the synchronous performance,speed and torque of the actuator of the hydraulic suspension system and the hydraulic drive system all met the technical requirements.Using Design-Expert 8.0.6 software and three-factor and three-level orthogonal test method,the field experiment of parameter combination optimization was carried out,with the operating speed,the rotation speed of the blade shaft of the seed bed conditioning unit group and the penetration depth of the blade of the seed bed conditioning unit group as the test factors,and the straw clearing rate,the overlaying straw uniformity and the rotating power consumption of the blade shaft of each seed bed conditioning unit group as the evaluation indexes.For straw clearing rate,the order of primary and secondary effects was as follows:operating speed,penetration depth of the blade,and rotation speed of the blade shaft of the seed bed conditioning unit group.For overlaying straw uniformity,the order of primary and secondary effects was as follows:rotation speed of the blade shaft of the seed bed conditionin

关 键 词：保护性耕作 玉米原茬地 种床整备装置 清秸覆秸 正交试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]