以废墟书写铭记历史——论博尔歇特文学作品中的废墟书写、时代记忆与反思意识  

Engraving History in Ruins Writing——On Borchert′s Memory of the Times and Reflective Consciousness in Ruins Writing

作　　者：南楠[1] NAN Nan(School of Foreign Languages, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212100, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学外国语学院,江苏镇江212100

出　　处：《江苏科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第3期48-53,共6页Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“战后德、日反思文学与记忆文化研究”(15CWW025)。

摘　　要：沃尔夫冈·博尔歇特是德国废墟文学的一面旗帜。他不仅描写二战后的真实废墟,还描写经历战争一代的心灵废墟。其作品篇幅短小、语言简单,但构思独特、内蕴丰富,以小视角影射重大社会问题。他的文学作品凝聚了饱受战争摧残的时代记忆。他通过描绘士兵或普通民众的现世苦难,展现了战争带来的生存危机、精神创伤和心理创伤,批判战争的残酷,宣扬反战、厌战思想,痛斥了法西斯独裁统治,表达了对和平的渴望和对美好生活的向往。他最早发出对战争意义的追问和对民众苦难的问责,反思了战争的意义、军国主义教育的毒害以及屠杀的荒谬性和绝对服从观念的愚昧性。Being a pioneer of Germany ruins literature,Wolfgang Borchert not only demonstrated the actual ruins after World WarⅡ,but also portrayed the ruins of the warfare generation′s broken heart.Therefore,his works condense the memory of the war-torn times.He reflected on significant social problems from a rather small perspective with short yet well-arranged passage and simple yet implied language.By depicting the earthly suffering of soldiers and ordinary people,Borchert shows the survival crisis,mental trauma and psychological trauma caused by the war.He criticizes the cruelty of war,preaches the idea of war opposition,denounces fascist dictatorship,and expresses the desire for peace and for a better life.He was the first to issue questions about the sense of war and accountability for the suffering of the people.He reflected on the significance of war,the poison of militaristic education,the absurdity of slaughter and the ignorance of absolute obedience.

关 键 词：沃尔夫冈·博尔歇特 德国文学 废墟文学 记忆文化 反思文学 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]