家族主义在自首制度中的实践变迁  

The Changes of Familism in the Practice of the System of V oluntarily Surrendering Oneself

作　　者：蒋正阳 JIANG Zhengyang

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文与社会科学高等研究所,北京100084

出　　处：《政治与法律》2021年第11期77-90,共14页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：在帝制时代“家国一体”的结构下,家族价值内含于法律之中。近代以来,受西法东渐的影响,自首制度中所考量的家庭因素逐渐被排除出现代法理,其作用的社会结构基础从“个人-家族-国家”转为“个人-国家”的直接关联。但是,回溯自首制度的实践历史,家庭结构和家价值则表现出连续稳定的有效性,其作用并未因制度的变迁而被取消。尽管清末法制变革及民初的刑法理论都反对家族主义,但据民国初年的档案显示,犯罪者的家庭成员仍在刑事司法中发挥重要作用。及至今日,在“劝首”“送首”等具体情形中,司法解释亦将家庭成员对犯罪者自首的辅助行为纳入主客观相统一的体系以影响量刑,继续发挥犯罪者亲属在案件解决方面的作用。因此,有必要从实践出发,重新思考罪责自负与家庭秩序在刑法考量中的矛盾与平衡。Under the structure of "integrated families and the state" in the imperial era, the value of family was included in the law;since modern times, due to the influence of introduction of western law to eastern countries, the factor of family considered in the system of voluntarily surrendering oneself has gradually been excluded from the modern jurisprudence, which is directly related to change of the social structure that the system relied on from "individual-family-state" to "individual-state". However, looking back on the practical history of the system of voluntarily surrendering oneself, the structure and value of family have showed continuous and stable effectiveness, and its role has not been abolished due to the evolution of the system. Although familism was rejected by the legal reform in late Qing dynasty and criminal theories in the early Republic of China period, the family members of the offenders in criminal cases played an important role in criminal justice, as was shown in the archives in the early Republic of China period. Up to today, in the situations of persuading a criminal to voluntarily surrender and sending a criminal to surrender, the judicial interpretations also include such family member’s assistance in the criminal’s voluntary surrender into the system of unifying subjective and objective aspects to influence the sentence to encourage a criminal’s relatives to play a role in solving a case. Therefore, it is necessary to review the contradiction and balance between the principle of bearing responsibility for one’s own crime and the family order in consideration of criminal law from the perspective of practice.

关 键 词：自首 罪责自负 家族主义 个人主义 

分 类 号：DF613[政治法律—刑法学]