大气CO_(2)浓度升高对大豆不同器官碳水化合物积累的影响  

Impact of elevated atmospheric CO_(2) concentration on carbohydrate accumulation in different organs of soybean plant

作　　者：徐影 于镇华[2] 李彦生[2] 金剑[2] 王光华[2] 刘晓冰[1,2] XU Ying;YU Zhen-hua;LI Yan-sheng;JIN Jian;WANG Guang-hua;LIU Xiao-bing(College of Resource and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,CAS,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2021年第5期859-871,共13页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32172123);黑龙江省留学回国人员择优资助项目(2020381)。

摘　　要：研究大气CO_(2)浓度升高对非结构性碳水化合物分配积累的影响,可填补大豆气候变化生物学的部分空白,也又可为选育适应未来气候条件的大豆品种以及高产栽培策略提供理论支撑。本研究以大豆品种紫花4(ZH4)、小黄金(XHJ)、丰收10号(FS10)和嫩丰1号(NF1)为材料,利用开顶式气室模拟研究大气CO_(2)浓度升高到550μmol·mol^(-1)对大豆鼓粒期(R5)和完熟期(R8)不同器官光合产物积累和分配的影响。结果表明:大气CO_(2)浓度升高对不同器官C浓度的影响存在品种间差异。除了R5期XHJ叶片和R8期NF1根系,大豆不同器官C浓度表现出增加的趋势。大气CO_(2)浓度升高显著增加R5期大豆叶片可溶性糖浓度(33.4%~90.0%);而蔗糖和淀粉浓度对大气CO_(2)浓度升高的响应受到品种因素的影响,XHJ叶片蔗糖浓度和FS10叶片淀粉浓度分别降低9.7%和13%,其余品种叶片蔗糖和淀粉浓度显著增加。在R8期,大气CO_(2)浓度升高后大豆籽粒可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉浓度均表现出增加的趋势,籽粒可溶性糖浓度平均增加22%。同R5期相比,R8期大豆营养器官的碳水化合物浓度显著下降,表明营养器官碳水化合物的再利用能力决定大豆产量的增幅。ZH4、XHJ和FS10的产量平均增加32.7%,而NF1产量增加不显著。大气CO_(2)浓度升高显著提高了大豆植株C的同化能力,但不同品种间差异显著。“源端”叶片蔗糖转化能力强,“流端”茎秆装卸同化产物效率高,以及“库强”较大的大豆品种在未来大豆品种选育和生产中应该是重点关注对象。Understanding the effect of elevated atmospheric CO_(2)concentration on the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates can fill the gaps for climate change biology of soybeans,and provide theoretical support for breeding soybean varieties that adapt to future climate conditions and high-yield cultivation strategies.In this study,four soybean cultivars,i.e.,Zihua 4(ZH4),Xiaohuangjin(XHJ),Fengshou 10(FS10),and Nengfeng 1(NF1)were cultivated under the ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration(aCO_(2))and eCO_(2)(550μmol·mol^(-1))conditions simulated by open top chamber(OTC)system.The results indicated that the effect of eCO_(2)on C concentration of different organs varied among cultivars.Except for the significant decrease in leaves C concentration at R5 stage for cultivar XHJ and root C concentration at R8 stage for cultivar NF1,the C concentration of different organs showed an increased tendency.Moreover,the increase of atmospheric CO_(2)concentration significantly enhanced the soluble sugar concentration of soybean leaves at the R5 stage by 33.4%-90.0%,while the responses of XHJ leaves and the starch concentration in the FS10 leaves decreased by 9.7%and 13%,respectively,while the sucrose and starch concentrations of the leaves in other cultivars increased significantly.At the R8 stage,the concentration of soluble sugar,sucrose and starch in soybean seeds all showed an increasing trend to eCO_(2),and the soluble sugar concentration in seeds increased by 22%on average.Compared to R5,the carbohydrate concentration in vegetative organs decreased significantly under eCO_(2),implying the utilization efficiency of the carbohydrate in the vegetative organs during the reproductive period plays a key role in soybean yield formation.The yield in cultivars ZH4,XHJ and FS10 increased by 32.7%on average,while the yield of cultivar NF1 did not increase significantly.According to the results of four soybean cultivars,the C assimilation ability was increased by eCO_(2),whereas considerable variations of C assimilation a

关 键 词：大豆 可溶性糖 蔗糖 淀粉 气候变化 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]