窄幅低损伤摘穗割台设计与试验  

Design and experiment of narrow row spacing and low-damage corn picking header

作　　者：罗惠中 蒋小霞 秦代林 左平安 张飞 张黎骅 LUO Huizhong;JIANG Xiaoxia;QIN Dailin;ZUO Pingan;ZHANG Fei;ZHANG Lihua(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an Sichuan 625000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学机电学院,四川雅安625000

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2021年第9期66-76,共11页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家玉米产业体系专项(CARS-02);四川省区域创新合作项目(2020YFQ0033);成都市重点研发支撑计划项目(2019-YF05-01005-SN)。

摘　　要：针对西南地区玉米-大豆带状复合种植模式缺乏配套玉米收获机具,且常规玉米联合收获机作业时存在果穗损伤大、效率低等问题,利用计算机辅助设计与有限元方法设计两行窄幅低损伤摘穗割台。割台利用弹性缓冲原理实现柔性低损伤摘穗,可一次完成摘穗、秸秆粉碎还田等联合作业。文章结合玉米-大豆带状复合种植模式农艺特点和力学原理确定割台结构参数;对割台关键部件开展结构设计和理论分析;割台机架模态分析结果表明割台机架不会与发动机产生共振。通过二次回归正交试验探究拉茎刀辊转速、喂入速度、果穗距摘穗板高度对落粒损失率和籽粒破损率影响,利用Design-Expert软件作二次回归响应分析,得到割台较优参数组合。试验表明,拉茎刀辊转速800 r·min^(-1),喂入速度0.700 m·s^(-1),果穗距摘穗板高度370 mm时,落粒损失率0.05%,籽粒破损率0.01%,满足玉米-大豆带状复合种植模式下玉米机械化收获要求。Due to the lack of harvesters for corn-soybean strip intercropping in southwest of China and problem of low efficiency and high-damage in the harvest-time,a two-row low-damage corn harvester header with narrow row spacing was designed based on Computer Aided Design and Finite Element Method.Using the principle of elastic buffering,the header can complete the operation of picking corn with low damage and crushing straw and returning to the field at one time.According to the agronomic requirements of corn-soybean strip intercropping and principles of mechanics,the basic structural parameters of header was determined,and then the key components of the header was designed and analyzed theoretically.The results of modal analysis showed that the frame of header would not resonate with the engine.The rotation speed of the snapping knife rolls,the feeding speed,the corn loss rate and the corn breakage rate influenced by the distance between the corn and picking plate were explored through quadratic regression orthogonal experiment.The experiment results showed that lowest loss rate of corn occured at the rotation speed of the snapping knife rolls of 800 r·min_(-1),feeding speed of 0.700 m·s_(-1),the distance between corn and corn picking board of 370 mm where the corn loss rate was 0.03%and the corn breakage rate was 0.01%,which could meet the requirements of mechanized corn harvesting under corn-soybean strip intercropping model.

关 键 词：间套作 窄行距 低损伤 玉米 割台 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]