试论茶禅文化三大源头及传承  

Discussion on Three Sources and Inheritance of the Tea Zen Culture

作　　者：竺济法 Zhu Jifa

机构地区：[1]宁波东亚茶文化研究中心 [2]宁波市文史研究馆 [3]中国国际茶文化研究会学术委员会

出　　处：《农业考古》2021年第5期159-165,共7页Agricultural Archaeology

摘　　要：传统文化中,儒释道均与茶文化关系紧密。寺院特有的茶禅文化,以其富含的寓意、哲理为海内外茶人、僧人、文史爱好者耳熟能详,成为茶文化的一道独特风景。茶禅文化自唐代萌芽,其中对后世影响最大的三大源头首推百丈怀海、咸启、从谂三位禅师。怀海住持洪州百丈山(今属江西奉新县),其制订的《百丈清规》,集佛门茶事之大成,可视为茶禅文化之肇始,推动和促进了饮茶普及和茶文化的发展;晚唐明州(治今浙江宁波市)天童寺咸启禅师流传有“且坐吃茶”之机锋禅语,成为禅门公案的重要传承;晚唐赵州(治今河北赵县)高僧从谂,其口头禅“喫茶去”名闻中外,是茶禅文化在古代中国北方地区流行传播的生动反映。In traditional culture,Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism are closely related to tea culture.With rich moral and philosophy,the Zen of tea in temples is familiar to the enthusiasts of tea,Buddhist monks and scholars both at home and abroad,forming a trend of tea culture.The Zen of tea sprouted from the Tang Dynasty,the Zen master Huaihai,Xianqi,Congshen are the three sources who had the greatest impact on future generations.When managing the temple located in Baizhang mountain in Hong Zhou(now Fengxi,Jiangxi),the Huaihai master formulated the Baizhang Monastic Rules which made a great achievement of Buddhist tea,promoting the popularization of tea drinking and the development of tea culture.It can be regarded as the beginning of the Zen of tea.The Zen master Xianqi of Tiantong temple in Mingzhou(now Ningbo,Zhejiang)in the late Tang Dynasty,handed down a Zen saying of"sitting and drinking tea",becoming a famous koan excerpted from the biographies and discourse record of Zen patriarchs or masters in the history of Chinese Buddhism.In the late Tang Dynasty,the phrase"let’s drink tea"(also a saying of Zen)remarked by an eminent monk,Congshen,from Zhaozhou(now Zhaoxian,Hebei)was famous at home and abroad,which was a vivid reflection of the popularity and spread of the Zen of tea in ancient northern China.

关 键 词：茶文化 禅门茶事 茶禅 禅宗公案 

分 类 号：K203[历史地理—历史学]