礼法融合:古代宫廷茶文化及其延伸  

Integration of Rite and Law:The Ancient Court Tea Culture and Its Extension

作　　者：卢欣 Lu Xin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院管理哲学研究中心

出　　处：《农业考古》2021年第5期172-178,共7页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“我国古代治国理念研究”(项目编号:18JZD023)。

摘　　要：我国古代茶文化的兴盛发展得益于政治对文化的统摄与融合,茶文化在受到统治阶层的认可和推崇之后,逐渐从物质文化向组织制度文化和精神生活文化层次不断深化。本文通过茶史考察梳理,认为宫廷茶文化是中华茶文化体系中的主导力量,在礼法融合国家治理观统摄之下,贡茶、赐茶、茶宴、茶税、榷茶、茶诗词等在本质上都是宫廷茶文化及其延伸的内容,被赋予了丰富的权力区隔、纲常伦理、公私关系等文化象征和隐喻意涵。在贡茶、赐茶中,茶是尊尊亲亲、睦邻友好、君礼臣忠的纲常伦理象征之物,润滑着封建礼教秩序;在茶法推行中,茶税和榷茶政策的变更折射出国家与社会的公私博弈,是政治主导下对经济、文化与社会的融合管控;在茶宴雅集和茶诗词创作中,茶被视为高洁性灵、通达天人合一之物,包含着君臣互动、教化万民的生生之道。The prosperity and development of China’s ancient tea culture benefited from the political control and integration of culture.After being recognized and respected by the ruling class,tea culture gradually deepened from material culture to organizational system and spiritual life culture.Through the investigation and combing of tea history,it is considered that the court tea culture was the leading force in the Chinese tea culture system.Under the guidance of the integration of etiquette and law and the concept of national governance,tribute tea,gift tea,tea banquet,tea tax,discussion tea and tea poetry were essentially the content of the court tea culture and its extension,and were endowed with rich cultural symbols and metaphorical meanings such as power division,programmatic ethics and public-private relations.In the tribute and gift of tea,tea was an ethical symbol of respecting relatives,good neighborliness and friendship,monarchy,courtesy and loyalty,which lubricated the feudal ethical order;In the implementation of tea law,the change of tea tax and tea policy reflected the public-private game between the state and society,which was the integrated control of economy,culture and society under the political leadership;In the elegant collection of tea banquet and tea poetry creation,tea was regarded as a thing of noble nature and spirit,accessible to the unity of heaven and man,including the way of life of monarch and minister interaction and educating all people.

关 键 词：礼法融合 宫廷茶文化 贡茶 茶税 茶宴 

分 类 号：K89[历史地理—民俗学]