高速列车头车安装裙板后流场与气动噪声特性仿真分析  

Numerical investigation on flow and flow-induced noise behaviour of simplified high-speed train leading car with bogie fairing

作　　者：朱剑月 徐凡斐[2,3] 朱颖谋 张俊 ZHU Jian-yue;XU Fan-fei;ZHU Ying-mou;ZHANG Jun(The State Key Laboratory of Heavy Duty AC Drive Electric Locomotive Systems Integration,Zhuzhou 412001,China;Institute of Rail Transit,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;Shanghai Automotive Wind Tunnel Center,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]大功率交流传动电力机车系统集成国家重点实验室,湖南株洲412001 [2]同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院,上海201804 [3]同济大学上海地面交通工具风洞中心,上海201804

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2021年第5期1036-1044,共9页Journal of Vibration Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875411);湖南省自然科学青年基金资助项目(2020JJ5631);上海市专业技术服务平台项目(19DZ2290400)。

摘　　要：运用涡声理论和声类比方法,计算分析了转向架舱外安装裙板后高速列车头车简化模型的空气动力与气动噪声特性。基于延迟分离涡模型获得的近场流场被用于预测远场声辐射。结果表明,流体通过头车时形成了不同尺度和方向的复杂涡结构,上游几何体周围产生的湍涡向下游传播并与下游几何体相互作用,从而在头车尾部形成高湍流度尾迹。头车几何体近壁流场内形成的四极子噪声中,体偶极子声源高于体四极子声源,成为四极子主要声源。头车鼻锥、转向架、转向架舱后壁面以及尾部等部位的涡脱落、流动分离和流体相互作用剧烈,涡结构发展集中,几何体表面压力脉动变化显著,诱发形成偶极子气动噪声源。转向架舱外侧安装裙板后,在沿转向架中心的水平面内,后转向架部位辐射的气动噪声较前转向架强;头车沿线路侧向辐射的气动噪声强度分布较均匀,头车端部产生的气动噪声略高于头车尾部。裙板减弱了转向架区域流动冲击与湍流脉动,降低了头车气动噪声的产生与辐射。The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic behaviour of flow past a simplified high-speed train leading car with bogie fairing is studied based on the theory of vortex sound and the acoustic analogy method.The near-field unsteady flow is obtained by the delayed detached-eddy model and the results are used to predict the far-field noise.It is found that the unsteady flow past the leading car is characterized by the vortices of various scales and orientations separated from the geometries.The vortices formed behind the upstream geometries are convected downstream and impinge on the downstream bodies,generating a highly turbulent wake behind the leading car.The volume dipole is larger than the volume quadrupole and becomes the predominate source of the quadrupole noise generated around the leading car.Strong flow separations and vortex sheddings are developed in regions of the noise,bogies,bogie cavities,and rear parts of the leading car where the large wall pressure fluctuations are generated and the dipole noise of high level is produced correspondingly.After the bogie cavities are covered by the fairings,the noise radiated from the rear bogie is higher than the leading bogie in the horizontal plane along the bogie center.The intensity of the aerodynamic noise radiated to the trackside direction is distributed even with the noise level of the front region a little higher than the rear part.The current leading car model can effectively mitigate the turbulence fluctuation and flow interaction in the key regions with the bogie cavities shielded by the bogie fairings and consequently reduce the aerodynamic noise generation and radiation.

关 键 词：气动噪声预测 铁路噪声 流体特性 高速列车头车 转向架舱裙板 

分 类 号：TB535[理学—物理] U270.16[理学—声学]