英国汉学界“中国戏剧”观念的发生及其历史语境——基于元杂剧《老生儿》德庇时译本相关书评的考察  

The Generation of the Concept of “Chinese Drama” in British Sinology and Its Historical Context: An Exploration Based on the Book Reviews of J. F. Davis’s English Translation of Yuan Zaju Lao Sheng Er

作　　者：程芸[1] 谭静[1] Cheng Yun;Tan Jing(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学文学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《长江学术》2021年第4期59-69,共11页Yangtze River Academic

摘　　要：德庇时的《老生儿》英译本问世后,伦敦多家评论期刊发表了密集的书评,呈现出英国汉学界早期的"中国戏剧"观念及其历史语境的一些特征。1816年阿美士德使团访华,是《老生儿》获得关注的重要历史机缘,《老生儿》的英译与文学批评,可以视为英国汉学脱离天主教耶稣会士的主导,独立研究中国文学、戏剧的开始。相关书评文章融合了时政批评、文化批评与文学批评,既有实用主义的目的,也深受当时英国"感伤喜剧"的影响。译者、书评编者和批评者三方,将当时的"纯文学"和"通俗文学"观念嫁接于中国文学,给予中国戏曲、小说以迥异于同时代中国正统文学界的定位、评价。这一汉学史视域中的元杂剧跨文化传播提醒我们,有必要重视历史语境的复杂性,深入其肌理和场域,挖掘和感受具体而微的细节。With the publication of J. F. Davis’ s English translation of Lao Sheng Er, there appeared intensive book reviews of this translated Chinese drama on periodicals in London, which presented certain characteristics of the concept of"Chinese drama"in early British Sinology, as well as that of its historical context. The Amherst embassy to China in 1816 was the essential historical opportunity for Lao Sheng Er to draw attention. The English translation and literary criticism of this drama may be regarded as the beginning when British Sinologists start to get rid of the dominance of the Catholic Jesuits and study Chinese literature and drama on their own. Those related review articles,integrated with political criticism, cultural criticism and literary criticism, bear a pragmatic purpose, and a discourse deeply influenced by the British"sentimental comedy"at that time. Translators, review editors, and critics have grafted the concepts of"belles lettres"and"popular literature"to the then Chinese literature, which has endowed Chinese drama and novel with a position that is totally different from the orthodox evaluation of Chinese literature of the same time. Such a cross-cultural dissemination of Yuan zaju from the perspective of the history of Sinology reminds us the necessity in paying attention to the complexity of historical context and its profound mechanism and the field of cultural production, in order to excavate the specific and subtle details.

关 键 词：《老生儿》 德庇时 英国汉学 元杂剧 中国戏剧 

分 类 号：H315.9[语言文字—英语] I046[文学—文学理论]