现代中国学术困境的全球背景:疑古还是信古(上)  

The Global Context of a Modern Chinese Quandary: Doubting or Trusting the Records of Antiquity(Ⅰ)

作　　者：鲁道夫·G·瓦格纳 李秋红(译) Rudolf G.Wagner;Li Qiuhong(Translated)

机构地区：[1]德国海德堡大学汉学系 [2]中国人民大学哲学院

出　　处：《国学学刊》2021年第3期113-140,144,共29页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：文章主要讨论疑古思潮的背景、影响和代价。疑古思潮有很强的政治目的,即利用学术批评的权威推翻作为当时中国"保守派"精英分子信念基石的正统"儒家"历史观。《古史辨》的发起者和编辑者顾颉刚声称他的思想完全来自一位中国人并完全符合学术传统。其核心主张是中国古代文本中的圣王叙事是编造的神话文章反对这种说法,并将疑古思潮的背景置于国际上有关神话与历史关系以及阅读神话的正确方式的讨论之中,并将说明古史辨派的核心观点来自于对以下几个方面的跨文化调整:欧洲经典语文学的某些元素、用宗教历史的而非神学的方式来处理希伯来和基督教圣经的方法、对基督教官方教义的批评以及人类学/民族学。文章首先探究在汉学团体逐渐形成的背景下,各国学者共同努力对文化遗产进行批判性重估(critical revaluation)而产生的影响,随后延伸到简帛本发现之前人们对《老子》的断代和理解问题上。并指出,疑古思潮的支持者将注意力集中在国内事务上,并不重视已经形成一定规模的外国学者的汉学研究。20世纪90年代"走出疑古时代"的思潮同样也很大程度上受到政治目的的驱动。最后则讨论历史研究政治化的代价,即它没有解决释读新发现的出土文献这一重要的方法论问题。This is a study of the background, impact, and cost of the"doubting antiquity"(yigu 疑古) current. This current followed a strongly political agenda of using the authority of scholarly criticism to undo that of the orthodox"Confucian"view of Chinese history that supported"conservative"Chinese elites at the time. Gu Jiegang, the initiator and editor of this collection, claimed that his inspirations all came from a Chinese and purely scholarly tradition. The key propositions were that the narratives of sage rulers from Chinese antiquity were invented myths. This paper is against his claims and argues that the key propositions had their origin in a transcultural adaptation of elements from Western classical philology, approaches to the Hebrew and Christian bibles with methods of the history of religion rather than theology, critiques of official Christian church teachings, and anthropology/ethnology. In a case study of the impact of the internationally shared efforts at a critical revaluation of the cultural heritage in the context of a forming Sinological community, the study then sketches the strategies for dating and understanding the Laozi before the recent finds of early manuscripts. The paper points out that the yigu proponents on their domestic agenda came with a disregard for already well-developed Sinological studies from foreign authors. A similar strongly political agenda drove the"leaving the age of doubting antiquity"trend since the 1990 s. The concluding section discusses the cost of this politization of historical research in terms of not addressing important questions concerning the methodology of editing the newly found manuscripts.

关 键 词：《古史辨》 顾颉刚 疑古思潮 中国古史 新文化运动 政治与学术 

分 类 号：K207.8[历史地理—历史学] K092[历史地理—中国史]