常见骨代谢机械敏感离子通道及其相关疾病的研究进展  

Research Progress of Common Mechanically Sensitive Ion Channels in Bone Metabolism and Related Diseases

作　　者：张苗[1] 邹军[1] 杨杰[2] ZHANG Miao;ZOU Jun;YANG Jie(Chool of Kinesiology,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Affiliated Sport School,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438 [2]上海体育学院附属竞技体育学校,上海200438

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2021年第9期1925-1932,共8页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:81871835);上海市人类运动能力开发与保障重点实验室(上海体育学院)(批准号:11DZ2261100)资助的课题。

摘　　要：骨骼对于机械刺激的适应性对维持骨代谢平衡非常重要。这种适应性依赖于骨骼中的机械敏感细胞(成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨细胞和间充质干细胞等)的机械敏感离子通道将细胞外的机械刺激转化为细胞内可传递的化学信号。TRP和Piezo是参与调控骨代谢的重要机械敏感通道。目前已有研究证明,成骨细胞(Piezo1、TRPM3、TRPV4、TRPV2和TRPML1)、破骨细胞(TRPV6、TRPV1和TRPA1)、破骨前体细胞(Piezo1、TRPC3和TRPC6)、骨细胞(TRPV4和Piezo1)和间充质干细胞(TRPM7、Piezo1和Piezo2)的离子通道具有机械敏感性。但是上述机械敏感性离子通道调控骨代谢的具体功能和下游效应物仍存在很多的未知和争议。该研究通过综述主要的骨代谢相关的机械敏感离子通道类型及其功能,为骨重建和骨性疾病的治疗提供可靠的理论依据和新的方法。Skeletal adaptation to mechanical stimulation is important for maintaining bone metabolic homeostasis.This adaptation relies on mechanically sensitive ion channels in bone’s mechanically sensitive cells (osteoblasts,osteoclasts,osteocytes,mesenchymal stem cells,etc.) to convert extracellular mechanical stimuli into intracellular chemical signals.TRP and PIEZO are important mechanically sensitive channels involved in the regulation of bone metabolism.Studies have shown that the ion channels are mechanically sensitive,such as osteoblasts (PIEZO1,TRPM3,TRPV4,TRPV2 and TRPML1),osteoclasts (TRPV6,TRPV1 and TRPA1),osteoclast precursors (PIEZO1,TRPC3 and TRPC6),osteocytes (TRPV4 and PIEZO1) and mesenchymal stem cells (TRPM7,PIEZO1 and PIEZO2).However,the functions and downstream effectors of some mechanically sensitive ion channels are still unknown and controversial.The main types and functions of mechanically sensitive ion channels related to bone metabolism are reviewed to provide a reliable theoretical basis and a new method for bone remodeling and the treatment of bone diseases.

关 键 词：骨代谢 机械刺激敏感细胞 TRP Piezo 疾病 

分 类 号：R363[医药卫生—病理学]