玉米胚乳醇溶蛋白合成的分子机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Zein Synthesis in Maize Endosperm

作　　者：任雪梅 南力彰 李旭凯 REN Xuemei;NAN Lizhang;LI Xukai(College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学生命科学学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2021年第11期1355-1360,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ32)。

摘　　要：玉米是重要的粮食、饲料和能源兼用的作物。玉米胚乳占玉米籽粒质量和体积的绝大部分,是营养物质的储藏中心,主要包含淀粉及储藏蛋白。玉米胚乳醇溶蛋白是含量最多的储藏蛋白,但其赖氨酸、色氨酸含量较低,品质较差,不能满足人体及牲畜生长发育的需求。因此,解析玉米胚乳醇溶蛋白合成的分子机制对优良玉米品种的培育具有重要意义。醇溶蛋白是由醇溶蛋白基因编码合成,而醇溶蛋白基因的表达受到许多转录因子的调控。综述了玉米籽粒的形态结构、玉米胚乳醇溶蛋白的分类及形成过程、转录因子对醇溶蛋白表达的调控3个部分,旨在为优质蛋白玉米的选育提供指导,加快育种进程。Maize is an important crop used for food, feed and energy. Endosperm accounted for most of the quality and volume of maize kernel is the storage center of nutrients, which mainly contains starch and storage protein. Zein is the most abundant storage protein in endosperm. However, the lysine and tryptophan contents of zein are low and its quality is poor, which can not meet the requirements for the growth and development of human and livestock. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the molecular mechanism of zein synthesis of maize endosperm for the breeding of excellent maize varieties. Zeins are encoded by zein genes, whose expression is regulated by many transcription factors. This study reviewed the morphological structure of maize kernels, the classification and formation process of zein in maize endosperm and the regulation of zein expression by transcription factors, in order to provide guidance for the breeding of high-quality protein maize and speed up the breeding process.

关 键 词：醇溶蛋白 优质蛋白玉米 赖氨酸 分子机制 育种 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]