20种杀虫剂对橘小实蝇幼虫的防治效果及对成虫残效评价  

Control Effect of 20 Insecticides on Larvae and Residual Effect on Adults of Bactrocera dorsalis

作　　者：宫庆涛[1] 李素红 张坤鹏[1] 贾厚振[1] 姜莉莉 武海斌[1] 彭金海 朱腾飞 孙瑞红[1] Gong Qingtao;Li Suhong;Zhang Kunpeng;Jia Houzhen;Jiang Lili;Wu Haibin;Peng Jinhai;Zhu Tengfei;Sun Ruihong(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Taian 271000,China;Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linyi 276012,China;Yanggu Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yanggu 252399,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学,山东泰安271018 [3]临沂市农业科学院,山东临沂276012 [4]阳谷县农业农村局,山东阳谷252399

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2021年第10期102-108,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010711);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2015YL058);农业农村部药检所项目(横向课题,2021)。

摘　　要：采用浸虫法室内开展药效试验,评价20种用于防治橘小实蝇的杀虫剂对幼虫的直接杀灭效果及其对成虫的残效作用,为合理优化药剂防控橘小实蝇提供依据。结果表明,辛硫磷、甲维盐、敌百虫、毒死蜱、阿维菌素5种药剂在幼虫杀灭和成虫抑制方面效果最好,噻虫胺、灭蝇胺对成虫有抑制效果。印楝素和苦参碱两种生物药剂对幼虫效果均较差,平均虫口减退率小于3%,但对成虫羽化有抑制作用。利用对半稀释法筛选最佳防治浓度可知,辛硫磷100.00~200.00 mg/L、甲维盐12.50~25.00 mg/L、毒死蜱400.00~800.00 mg/L、敌百虫900.00~1800.00 mg/L和阿维菌素50.00~100.00 mg/L处理对幼虫的杀灭效果和成虫的残效作用好。噻虫胺200.00~400.00 mg/L和灭蝇胺800.00~1600.00 mg/L处理对幼虫直接杀灭效果差,但残效作用对成虫效果好。就两种生物药剂而言,各试验浓度对幼虫直接杀灭效果差,但印楝素30.00~120.00 mg/L和苦参碱30.00~60.00 mg/L处理对成虫效果相对较好,可用于要求较高的绿色、有机等果园使用。回归分析9种杀虫剂对橘小实蝇幼虫和成虫的致死浓度可知,对幼虫而言,LC50的顺序依次为甲维盐<辛硫磷<阿维菌素<毒死蜱<噻虫胺<敌百虫<苦参碱<灭蝇胺<印楝素;对成虫而言,LC95的顺序依次为甲维盐<阿维菌素<辛硫磷<印楝素<毒死蜱<敌百虫<噻虫胺<苦参碱<灭蝇胺。The direct killing effect on larvae and residual effect on adult of 20 insecticides against Bactrocera dorsalis were evaluated by dipping method in lab in order to provide bases for rational optimization of insecticides on insect control.The results showed that phoxim,emamectin benzoate,trichlorfon,chlorpyrifos and avermectin had the best effects on killing larvae and inhibiting adults,while cothianidin and cyromazine had inhibitory effect on adults.Azadirachtin and matrine had poor effects on larvae with the average decline rate less than 3%,but they could inhibit the emergence of adults.The best control concentrations were screened by half dilution method,and the results showed that phoxim at 100.00~200.00 mg/L,emamectin benzoate at 12.50~25.00 mg/L,chlorpyrifos at 400.00~800.00 mg/L,trichlorfon at 900.00~1800.00 mg/L and avermectin at 50.00~100.00 mg/L had better effects on killing larvae and inhibiting adults.Clothianidin at 200.00~400.00 mg/L and cyromazine at 800.00~1600.00 mg/L had poor killing effect on larvae,but had good residual effect on adults.As far as the two biological agents was concerned,the direct killing effect of each experimental concentration on larvae was lower,but azadirachtin at 30.00~120.00 mg/L and matrine at 30.00~60.00 mg/L had better effect on adults,which could be used in green and organic orchards with higher demands.The lethal concentrations of the 9 insecticides to the larvae and adults of B.dorsalis were analyzed by regression analysis.For larvae,the order of LC50 from low to high was emamectin benzoate,phoxim,abamectin,chlorpyrifos,clothianidin,trichlorfon,matrine,cyromazine and azadirachtin.For adults,the order of LC95 from low to high was emamectin benzoate,abamectin,phoxim,chlorpyrifos,azadirachtin,trichlorfon,clothianidin,matrine and cyromazine.

关 键 词：橘小实蝇 幼虫 成虫 防治效果 残效性 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]