干旱对冬小麦旗叶光合参数、产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of drought on flag leaf photosynthetic parameters,grain yield and water use efficiency in winter wheat

作　　者：吴金芝[1] 黄明[1] 王志敏[2] 李友军[1] 张振旺 王贺正[1] 付国占[1] 陈明灿[1] WU Jin-zhi;HUANG Ming;WANG Zhi-min;LI You-jun;ZHANG Zhen-wang;WANG He-zheng;FU Guo-zhan;CHEN Ming-can(School of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2021年第5期1108-1118,共11页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31801297);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300400);河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目(13480082)。

摘　　要：为了探讨干旱对不同抗旱性冬小麦旗叶光合特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响,2013-2015年,在防雨棚池栽条件下,以强抗旱性冬小麦品种晋麦47(JM47)和弱抗旱性冬小麦品种偃展4110(YZ4110)为材料,设置拔节后持续干旱处理(W_(1)处理,0~140 cm土层的相对含水量为田间最大持水量的50%±5%)、花后干旱处理(W_(2)处理,拔节期-孕穗期0~140 cm土层的相对含水量为田间最大持水量的70%±5%,花后0~140 cm土层的相对含水量为田间最大持水量的50%±5%)、拔节后适墒处理(W_(3)处理,0~140 cm土层的相对含水量为田间最大持水量的75%±5%)3个水分处理,分析上午(6∶00-12∶00)、下午(12∶00-18∶00)及白天(6∶00-18∶00)冬小麦旗叶光合参数的均值、籽粒产量和水分利用效率。结果表明,与W_(3)处理相比,W_(1)、W_(2)处理降低了旗叶净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))的均值,且下午的降幅大于上午,灌浆中期的降幅大于灌浆前期。与YZ4110相比,在相同土壤水分条件下JM47旗叶P_(n)均值在灌浆前期下午及灌浆中期上午、下午、白天都显著高于YZ4110;旗叶G_(s)均值表现为在W_(3)处理下灌浆前期下午、白天及2013-2014生长季灌浆中期白天显著高于YZ4110;在灌浆中期旗叶T_(r)均值表现为在W_(3)、W_(2)、W_(1)处理的上午、下午、白天显著高于YZ4110;旗叶C_(i)均值表现为在W_(2)处理下灌浆前期上午显著低于YZ4110。与W_(3)处理相比,W_(1)处理下JM47、YZ4110的产量分别降低了12.5%、24.2%,水分利用效率分别提高了23.3%、18.2%,W_(2)处理下水分利用效率分别提高了13.2%、13.7%,而产量仅YZ4110显著降低了9.4%。除瞬时水分利用效率(IWUE)和灌浆中期胞间二氧化碳浓度外,旗叶光合参数与籽粒产量呈正相关,与水分利用效率呈负相关,且相关系数的绝对值总体表现为下午大于上午、灌浆中期大于灌浆前期。总体看出,种植强抗旱性冬小麦�To investigate the effects of drought on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics,grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat with different drought resistance,three soil moisture treatments were set up under the condition of rain-proof shed cultivation in the pool,and strong drought resistant winter wheat variety Jinmai 47(JM47)and weak drought resistant winter wheat variety Yanzhan 4110(YZ4110)were used as materials in 2013-2015,such as persistent drought treatment after jointing(W_(1) treatment,the relative water content of 0-140 cm soil lager was 50%±5%of the maximum field water capacity),drought treatment after flowering(W_(2) treatment,the relative water content of 0-140 cm soil lager from jointing to booting was 70%±5%of the maximum field water capacity,and the relative water content of 0-140 cm soil lager after flowering was 50%±5%of the maximum field water capacity),well-irrigation treatment after jointing(W3 treatment,the relative water content of 0-140 cm soil lager was 75%±5%of the maximum field water capacity).The mean values of different photosynthetic parameters,grain yield and water use efficiency in flag leaves of winter wheat during morning(6∶00-12∶00),afternoon(12∶00-18∶00)and daytime(6∶00-18∶00)were analyzed.The results showed that the mean values of net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s))and transpiration rate(T_(r))in the flag leaves under W_(1) and W_(2) treatments were decreased compared with those under W_(3) treatment,and the decreasing range in the afternoon or during the medium grain filling stage was greater than that in the morning or during the early grain filling stage.Under the same soil moisture condition,the mean P_(n) values of JM47 flag leaves in the afternoon of the early grain filling stage and in the morning,afternoon and daytime of the medium grain filling stage were all significantly higher than those of YZ4110.The mean G_(s) of JM47 flag leaves in the afternoon and daytime of the early grain filling stage,in the daytime of the

关 键 词：冬小麦 干旱 光合特性 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.110.1[农业科学—作物学]