渗碳轴承钢的热处理现状  

Heat Treatment Status of Carburized Bearing Steel

作　　者：于兴福 王士杰 赵文增 苏勇[3] YU Xingfu;WANG Shijie;ZHAO Wenzeng;SU Yong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China;School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学机械工程学院,沈阳110870 [2]沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110870 [3]沈阳化工大学机械与动力工程学院,沈阳110142

出　　处：《轴承》2021年第11期1-9,共9页Bearing

摘　　要：渗碳轴承钢具有高强度、高韧性和高疲劳寿命的特点,常用于有大冲击载荷的工况,不同的热处理工艺使其产生不同的微观组织,对渗碳层组织和材料力学性能产生重要的影响。渗碳轴承钢由表面至心部渗碳层碳浓度处于连续变化状态,同时心部组织与渗碳层组织之间还存在力学性能匹配问题,通过热处理工艺参数的合理搭配使渗碳层组织和基体组织的匹配性达到最优组合,是一个漫长且复杂的研究过程。而且,渗碳轴承钢在渗碳及后续热处理过程中可能产生的组织缺陷,如网状碳化物、表面脱碳、残余奥氏体过多等,也增加了渗碳轴承钢热处理的难度。通过对渗碳轴承钢淬火后表层组织和心部组织的控制,改善表面性能,也是目前渗碳轴承钢的一个重要研究方向。因此,重点对渗碳轴承钢的渗碳方法,渗碳热处理组织缺陷及其消除,以及表层淬火组织转变和残余奥氏体控制进行了综述,展望了未来渗碳轴承钢的热处理方向。Carburized bearing steel has the characteristics of high strength,high toughness and long fatigue life,and is often used in operating conditions with large impact loads.Different heat treatment processes of carburized bearing steel will produce different microstructure,which has an important effect on carburized layer microstructure and mechanical properties of material.Because the carbon concentration of carburized bearing steel is continuously changing from surface to core of carburized layer,there is also a problem of mechanical property matching between core microstructure and carburized layer microstructure.It is a long and complicated research process to optimize the matching between carburized layer microstructure and matrix microstructure through reasonable collocation of heat treatment process parameters.Moreover,some microstructural defects may occur in carburizing bearing steel during process of carburizing and subsequent heat treatment,such as network carbide,surface decarburization,excessive residual austenite,etc.,which also increases the difficulty of heat treatment of carburizing bearing steel.By controlling the surface microstructure and core microstructure of carburized bearing steel after quenching to improve the surface properties is an important research direction.Therefore,the carburizing method of carburizing bearing steel,the microstructure defects of carburizing heat treatment and their elimination,as well as the surface quenching microstructure transformation and residual austenite control are reviewed,and the future direction of heat treatment of carburizing bearing steel is prospected.

关 键 词：滚动轴承 渗碳轴承钢 热处理 淬火 网状组织 碳化物 残余奥氏体 贝氏体 

分 类 号：TH133.33[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]