教育政策能促进农村教育代际流动吗?——基于中国微观调查数据的实证分析  

Does Educational Policy Promote Intergenerational Education Mobility in Rural Areas?——An Empirical Study Based on Chinese Household Survey Data

作　　者：彭骏 赵西亮[1] Jun Peng;Xiliang Zhao(College of Economics,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《教育与经济》2021年第5期20-31,共12页Education & Economy

基　　金：厦门大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目“中国经济结构转型中若干问题探析”(编号:20720171027);国家留学基金委项目“经济研究中的因果推断方法”(编号:201806315030)。

摘　　要：本文使用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)2013年农村家庭数据,考察了我国1986年《义务教育法》与1999年高校扩招政策的实施对农村教育代际流动性的影响。本文使用转移矩阵方法描述了我国农村地区教育代际流动性的基本情况,发现父代与子代的受教育程度之间存在高度的相关性。从教育代际流动性和教育代际向上流动的角度,实证分析了以上两项教育政策对农村居民教育代际流动性的影响,发现义务教育政策与高校扩招政策的实施并没有改善农村家庭代与代之间的教育相关性,但显著提高了农村家庭的教育代际向上流动性。一系列稳健性检验的结果表明本文的研究结论是可靠的。政策建议包括:政府应进一步推进教育体系的开放性;统筹城乡教育一体化发展,缓解贫困家庭与受教育程度较低家庭的孩子接受高等教育的资金约束等。This paper uses the CHIP2013 rural household survey data set to empirically analyse the effect of two important education policies in China on intergenerational education mobility,including the compulsory education law implemented in 1986 and college expansion policy started from 1999.First,we use the quintile transition matrix method to describe the basic information of intergenerational education mobility in rural district.The result suggests that there is a strong correlation between parents’and children’s education;meanwhile,there is also a bigger probability for children to realize educational upward mobility.And then,from the perspective of intergenerational education mobility and intergenerational education upward mobility,we investigate both the two education policies’impact on intergenerational education mobility respectively,we have found that the two educational policies have not obviously increased the intergenerational education mobility between rural parents and their children,but obviously increased the intergenerational education upward mobility in rural district of China.The policy implication of this paper includes that Chinese government should continue promoting the openness of education system,balancing the Integration Process of education development in urban and rural areas,relieving the budget constraints of accepting higher education faced by poor or lower education background households,and so on.

关 键 词：教育代际流动性 教育代际向上流动性 义务教育法 高校扩招政策 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]