迪庆高海拔高寒地区秋播小黑麦引种试验  

Introduction of autumn-sown triticale in high-elevation and alpine regions of Diqing

作　　者：刘彦培 薛世明[1] 蔡明[1] 张博琰 段佳鑫 侯洁琼 徐驰[1] 匡崇义[1] 吴梦霞[1] 高月娥[1] 袁福锦[1] 张美艳[1] LIU Yanpei;XUE Shiming;CAI Ming;ZHANG Boyan;DUAN Jiaxin;HOU Jieqiong;XU Chi;KUANG Chongyi;WU Mengxia;GAO Yue’e;YUAN Fujin;ZHANG Meiyan(Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science,Kunming 650212,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南昆明650212

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第10期2029-2040,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：云南迪庆社区饲草稳产提质关键技术研究(2018YFD0502402-4);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才(2019HB035);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-34);院士工作站(2018IC074);云岭产业技术领军人才(云发改人事[2015]1495号)。

摘　　要：为挖掘迪庆藏族自治州冬春季饲草供给来源和探究适宜与青贮玉米(Zea mays)轮作的饲草种植模式,本研究在香格里拉小中甸地区开展了11个小黑麦(×Triticosecale Wittmack)和3个黑麦(Secale cereale)品种的秋播引种试验。主要通过株高、产量、抗逆性和营养品质来评价供试小黑麦的生产表现。结果表明:1)供试小黑麦和黑麦品种在产量和抗逆性方面均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。黑麦品种均存在倒伏现象,小黑麦均未发生倒伏。鲜草产量较高的有小黑麦中饲1048、C6、优能和冀饲3号,鲜草产量分别为28.0、27.3、26.9和26.0 t·hm^(−2),显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。2)不同供试饲草品种营养品质存在一定的差异,其中C35、优能、冀饲2号、C10、C16小黑麦的粗蛋白含量较高,均在7.03%以上;小黑麦的可溶性糖含量整体显著高于黑麦品种(P<0.05)。3)通过饲草产量、抗逆性和全株营养品质的综合评价,初步得出适合在迪庆高寒地区秋播种植的小黑麦品种有冀饲2号、优能、冀饲3号、甘农2号和中饲1048,可与夏播青贮玉米形成轮作体系。迪庆高海拔高寒地区秋播小黑麦可有效利用冬闲田,与夏播青贮玉米形成轮作体系,由原来的“一年一熟”种植模式转变成“二年三熟”的种植模式,为当地牦牛养殖的饲草全年均衡供应提供了优质饲草来源,缓解了迪庆高海拔高寒地区草畜矛盾。This study explored planting patterns appropriate for the Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan.For this,11 varieties of triticale and 3 varieties of rye were sown in autumn in Xiaozhongdian town in Shangri-La City.Factors such as plant height,yield,stress resistance,and nutrient quality of the trial varieties were evaluated.The results showed the following.1)There was a significant difference(P<0.05)in yield and stress resistance among the trial varieties of triticale and rye;the latter demonstrated the lodging phenomenon but the former did not.The fresh weight of the‘Zhongsi No.1048’,‘C6’,‘Youneng’,and‘Jisi No.3’varieties were significantly higher(P<0.05)than other varieties at 28.0 t·ha^(−1),27.3 t·ha^(−1),26.9 t·ha^(−1),and 26.0 t·ha^(−1),respectively.2)There were several differences in the nutrient quality among the trial varieties.The crude protein content of‘C35’,‘Youneng’,‘Jisi No.2’,‘C10’,and‘C16’were greater than 7.03%;this was a higher than in all other varieties.The soluble sugar contents of the trial triticale varieties were significantly higher than those of the trial rye varieties(P<0.05).3)Comprehensive evaluation of forage yield,nutrient quality of the whole plant,and stress resistance showed that the varieties appropriate for autumn-sowing in the Diqing alpine region were the‘Jisi No.2’,‘Youneng’,‘Jisi No.3’,‘Gannong No.2’,and‘Zhongsi No.1048’varieties of triticale;these can be used in a rotation system with summer-sown silage corn in the high-elevation and alpine areas of Diqing.This is because the autumn-sown triticale and summer-sown silage corn used croplands that were left fallow over winter and changed the traditional planting pattern of“one ripe one year”to a planting pattern of“three ripe two years.”This balanced with the high-quality forage provided yearround for yaks that fed locally and alleviated the worry about grass supply and livestock numbers in the high-elevation and alpine areas of Diqing.

关 键 词：小黑麦 迪庆 高海拔地区 营养品质 轮作 秋播 冬闲田 

分 类 号：S512.4[农业科学—作物学]