美国哲学整体论思潮的自然主义与反自然主义分形  

Naturalist and Anti-naturalist Fractals of American Philosophical Holism

作　　者：夏国军 XIA Guojun

机构地区：[1]上海大学哲学系,上海200444

出　　处：《学术月刊》2021年第10期45-59,共15页Academic Monthly

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“美国现当代自然主义与反自然主义整体论之间的对话”(2018BZX005)资助。

摘　　要：美国哲学整体论思潮发端于蒯因自然主义整体论,迄今在宏观上已形成自然主义与反自然主义两大分形;分形的依据是对黑格尔集大成的西方近代先验哲学的态度,反对者为自然主义,赞成者则为反自然主义。在微观上,自然主义分形囊括蒯因自然主义整体论、哈克温和自然主义整体论和前期库恩科学历史主义整体论等;反自然主义分形包括后期库恩理性重构主义整体论、戴维森变异一元主义整体论、布兰顿概念实用主义整体论等。不过,反自然主义整体论与自然主义整体论的关系不是绝对对立,两者虽然在研究立场、思想主张等关键点上彼此冲突,但在倚重整体主义方法、语言、分析风格等方面却具有一致性。美国哲学整体论思潮代表了西方哲学现代发展的一个重要向度。The American philosophical holism originated from the holism of Quinean naturalism,So far has formed naturalist and anti-naturalist fractals in the macro;in according to the attitude towards modern transcendental philosophy which Hegel represented,namely,the opposition against it was naturalism,and the approval was anti-naturalism.At the micro level,the naturalist fractal included the holism of Quinean naturalism,the holism of moderate naturalism of Haack,the holism of scientific historicism of earlier Kuhn,and so on;the anti-naturalist one included the rational reconstructionist holism of later Kuhn,the variant monist holism of Davidson,the concept pragmatist holism of Brandon,and so on.Nevertheless,The relation of anti-naturalist holism to naturalist one is not absolute opposition,but sublation,that is,although they conflict with each other in terms of research positions,ideas and other key points,they are consistent in the aspects of holistic approach,language and analytical style,and so on.The philosophy of American holism represents an important direction of the modern development of Western philosophy.

关 键 词：整体论 自然主义 反自然主义 语言 确定性 意义 

分 类 号：B7[哲学宗教—外国哲学]