野生花鳅和养殖花鳅营养价值的比较与分析  

Comparative and analysis of nutritional value of wild and farmed Cobitis taenis

作　　者：赵云龙 郭志欣 尹智博 王慧超 张东鸣 王嘉婧[2] ZHAO Yunlong;GUO Zhixin;YIN Zhibo;WANG Huichao;ZHANG Dongming;WANG Jiajing(College of Life Science,Tonghua Normal University,Tonghua 134002,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 134118,China)

机构地区：[1]通化师范学院生命科学学院,吉林通化134002 [2]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,长春134118

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2021年第20期132-136,共5页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20190301050NY);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010202020,S202110202058)。

摘　　要：为了比较野生花鳅和养殖花鳅营养价值的差异,试验采用生化分析方法,比较野生花鳅和养殖花鳅躯干部的常规营养成分(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和水分)以及氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,并评价其营养价值。结果表明:与养殖花鳅比较,野生花鳅的粗脂肪和灰分含量显著下降(P<0.05),粗蛋白和水分含量差异不显著(P>0.05);18种氨基酸中,野生花鳅的异亮氨酸含量极显著升高(P<0.01),亮氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均显著升高(P<0.05);15种脂肪酸中,野生花鳅的花生四烯酸含量极显著升高(P<0.01),肉豆蔻酸和亚麻酸含量显著下降(P<0.05);野生花鳅各氨基酸评分、化学评分及必需氨基酸指数、支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸比值均高于养殖花鳅。说明野生花鳅整体上的营养价值要优于养殖花鳅。In order to compare the differences of nutritional value between wild and farmed Cobitis taenis,biochemical analysis was used to determine the constitute of conventional nutrients(crude protein,crude fat,ash and water),amino acids and fatty acids in the carcass of wild and farmed Cobitis taenis,and to evaluate their nutritional value.The results showed that compared with farmed Cobitis taenis,the crude lipid and ash contents of wild Cobitis taenis were significantly decreased(P<0.05),but the crude protein and water contents were not significantly different(P>0.05).Among 18 kinds of amino acids,the content of isoleucine in wild Cobitis taenis were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and leucine,arginine,histidine,the total amount of amino acids and the total amount of essential amino acids were significantly increased(P<0.05).Among the 15 kinds of fatty acids,arachidonic acid content of wild Cobitis taenis was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),while the contents of myristic acid and linolenic acid were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The amino acid score,chemical score,essential amino acid index and the ratio of branched chain amino acid to aromatic amino acid of wild Cobitis taenis were higher than those of farmed Cobitis taenis.These results indicated that the overall nutritional value of wild Cobitis taenis was better than that of farmed Cobitis taenis.

关 键 词：花鳅 蛋白质 脂肪 氨基酸 脂肪酸 二十碳五烯酸(EPA) 二十二碳六烯酸(DHA) 

分 类 号：S965[农业科学—水产养殖]