中国城乡乳母不同泌乳阶段乳汁中宏量营养素含量的研究  

MACRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN HUMAN MILK AT DIFFERENT LACTATION STAGES FROM URBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF CHINA

作　　者：毕烨 洪新宇[2] 董彩霞[3] 杨振宇 荫士安 BI Ye;HONG Xin-yu;DONG Cai-xia;YANG Zhen-yu;YIN Shi-an(National Institute for Nutrition and Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Beijing 100050;Shanghai Center For Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336;Gansu Center For Disease Control And Prevention,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [3]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,西宁730000

出　　处：《营养学报》2021年第4期322-327,共6页Acta Nutrimenta Sinica

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(No.2010AA023004)。

摘　　要：目的分析中国城乡乳母初乳、过渡乳、早期成熟乳和晚期成熟乳中宏量营养素(蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物)和能量的含量。方法采用横断面调查法,在中国六大地理分区(华北、东北、华东、华南、西南、西北)招募6481名健康乳母,从中选取3779份母乳,利用MIRIS人乳成分分析仪测定其中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、能量的含量,并采用Kruskal-Wallis检验进行组间比较。结果蛋白质浓度P50(P_(25)~P_(75)):初乳为1.80(1.65~2.03)g/100ml,过渡乳为1.57(1.49~1.72)g/100ml,早期成熟乳为1.34(1.11~1.49)g/100ml,晚期成熟乳为1.11(1.03~1.26)g/100ml(各泌乳阶段两两比较均P<0.001)。脂肪的含量P50(P_(25)~P_(75)):初乳为2.04(1.39~2.77)g/100ml,过渡乳为3.14(2.40~3.96)g/100ml,早期成熟乳为3.05(2.22~3.96)g/100ml,晚期成熟乳为2.95(1.94~4.06)g/100ml(初乳与其他各阶段两两比较均P<0.001,过渡乳vs早期成熟乳P=0.226,过渡乳vs晚期成熟乳P=0.028,早期成熟乳vs晚期成熟乳P=0.462)。碳水化合物含量P50(P_(25)~P_(75)):初乳为6.10(5.60~6.50)g/100ml,过渡乳为6.40(6.10~6.70)g/100ml,早期成熟乳为6.60(6.30~6.90)g/100ml,晚期成熟乳为6.60(6.30~6.90)g/100ml(初乳、过渡乳与其他各阶段两两比较均P<0.001,早期成熟乳vs晚期成熟乳P=0.814)。能量含量P50(P_(25)~P_(75)):初乳为51.47(44.98~58.32)kcal/100ml,过渡乳为61.11(54.50~68.73)kcal/100ml,早期成熟乳为59.97(52.33~68.57)kcal/100ml,晚期成熟乳为58.22(49.61~68.12)kcal/100ml(初乳同其他泌乳阶段比较均P<0.001,过渡乳vs早期成熟乳P=0.068,过渡乳vs晚期成熟乳P=0.001,早期成熟乳vs晚期成熟乳P=0.053)。城市乳母早期成熟乳和晚期成熟乳中蛋白质、脂肪和能量含量均高于农村。城市乳母四个泌乳阶段乳汁中碳水化合物含量均低于农村,过渡乳脂肪含量、初乳和过渡乳阶段能量水平城市低于农村。结论:不同泌乳阶段母乳宏量营养素含量不同。蛋白质含量随月龄增长呈降�Objective To determine the levels of macronutrients(protein,fat and carbohydrates)and energy in colostrum,transitional milk,early mature milk and late mature milk from urban and rural mothers in China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 6481 subjects from six regions in China(north,northeast,east,south,southwest and northwest).Macronutrients and energy of breast milk samples(n=3779)were analyzed using a mid-infrared human milk analyzer.Kruskal Wallis test was used for comparison between groups.Results The median(P_(25)-P_(75))protein concentration was 1.80(1.65-2.03)g/100 ml,1.57(1.49-1.72)g/100 ml,1.34(1.11-1.49)g/100 ml and 1.11(1.03-1.26)g/100 ml,respectively for colostrum,transitional,early mature and mature milk(P<0.001 for all pairwise comparisons).The median(P_(25)-P_(75))fat concentration was 2.04(1.39-2.77)g/100 ml,3.14(2.40-3.96)g/100 ml,3.05(2.22-3.96)g/100 ml,and 2.95(1.94-4.06)g/100 ml for colostrum,transitional,early mature and mature milk,respectively.The median(P_(25)-P_(75))carbohydrate concentration was 6.10(5.60-6.50)g/100 ml,6.40(6.10-6.70)g/100 ml,6.60(6.30-6.90)g/100 ml,and 6.60(6.30-6.90)g/100 ml for colostrum,transitional,early mature and mature milk,respectively,with 51.47(44.98-58.32)kcal/100 ml,61.11(54.50-68.73)kcal/100 ml,59.97(52.33-68.57)kcal/100 ml,and 58.22(49.61-68.12)kcal/100 ml in colostrum,transitional,early mature and mature milk,respectively for energy.The contents of protein,fat and energy in early mature and late mature milk from urban lactating mothers were higher than those from rural lactating mothers.The content of carbohydrates in four lactation stages was lower in urban areas than in rural areas,so were the content of fat in transitional milk and energy levels in colostrum and transitional milk.Conclusion The contents of macronutrients in breast milk vary significantly between different lactation stages.The protein content decreases with the elongation of postpartum time.Fat concentration is the lowest in colostrum but remains stable in mature milk.Th

关 键 词：母乳 蛋白质 脂肪 碳水化合物 能量 

分 类 号：R153.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]