突发火灾高校大学生疏散行为及心理调查研究  

Investigation on Evacuation Behavior and Psychology of Studentsin Colleges and Universities Under Fire Emergency

作　　者：易玉枚[1] 武甜恬 杨梓杰 谢靖 YI Yumei;WU Tiantian;YANG Zijie;XIE Jing(School of Safety and Management Engineering,Hunan Institute of Technology,Henyang Hunan 421002,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工学院安全与管理工程学院,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《安全》2021年第10期12-17,共6页Safety & Security

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(20C0566);衡阳市科学技术发展计划项目(2017KJ247);衡阳市社会科学基金项目(2017D017);湖南工学院大学生创新创业项目(CX2020061)。

摘　　要：为了解突发火灾高校大学生疏散行为及心理,为疏散方案及应急预案制定提供依据,本文运用问卷调查法,对高校大学生在突发火灾时的应急个体特性、应急经验、应急意识、疏散行为及心理等方面进行统计分析。结果表明:大部分学生对疏散环境、灭火器、疏散指示标志等疏散设施不熟悉,因此在突发火灾应急情况下会产生从众行为(约11%)、极端行为(约3%)、错误逃生行为(约50%)、不听从指挥(约35%)、“自私”行为(约70%)等不良心理及行为反应而错失逃生机会,高校需加强对大学生消防知识尤其是疏散设施及逃生技能的培训及实践指导。In order to understand the evacuation behavior and psychology of students in colleges and universities under fire emergency and provide basis for making evacuation plan and emergency plan,in this paper,the statistical analysis on students in colleges and universities under fire emergency was conducted from the aspects of individual characteristics,emergency experience,emergency awareness,evacuation behavior and evacuation psychology.The results show that most students are not familiar with evacuation environments,fire extinguishers,and evacuation facilities,and they will miss the escape opportunity because of undesirable psychologies and behavior responses such as conformity behavior(about 11%),extreme behavior(about 3%),wrong escape behavior(about 50%),disobedience(about 35%)and selfishness behavior(about 70%),so students should be frequently educated in fire protection knowledge,especially in training and practical guidance on evacuation facilities and escape skills.

关 键 词：火灾 高校 大学生 疏散行为及心理 问卷调查 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学]