纳米粒子递药系统在牙周炎局部药物治疗中应用的研究进展  

Research progress on the application of nanoparticle drug delivery systems in local drug treatment of periodontitis

作　　者：张新坚 张斌[1] ZHANG Xinjian;ZHANG Bin(Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院硬组织发育与再生实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《口腔疾病防治》2022年第1期73-76,共4页Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81570951)。

摘　　要：牙周炎作为一种常见的口腔疾病,是引起成年人牙齿丧失的主要原因之一。近年来,纳米技术的应用为治疗牙周炎提供了新型药物递送系统和创新的疗法,为牙周组织的再生开辟了新的前景。纳米粒子递药系统由可降解的载体材料和药物组成,与传统的薄膜、碎片和条状的牙周局部递药系统相比,纳米粒子递药系统在生物药学和药代动力学特性上具有特殊优势,包括可控释药物、长期维持药物浓度、具备生物可降解性和生物相容性等。抗菌药物、蛋白类药物如生长因子以及用于基因传递或mRNA敲除的核酸都能被吸附或溶解在纳米粒子中。脂质体和聚合物纳米粒子递送系统能够靶向细菌和特定的宿主细胞;无机纳米粒子和纳米晶体具有良好的抗菌活性,在促进牙周组织再生和骨修复方面发挥重要作用;树枝状大分子具有内部疏水性和外部亲水性结构,是治疗牙周炎抗菌药物的良好药物载体。Periodontitis is a common oral disease that represents one of the main causes of tooth loss in adults.In re⁃cent years,the application of nanotechnology has provided a new drug delivery system and innovative therapy for the treatment of periodontitis and opens up new prospects for the regeneration of periodontal tissue.The nanoparticle drug delivery system is composed of degradable carrier materials and drugs.Compared with the traditional film,namely,the fragment and strip⁃shaped periodontal local drug delivery system,the nanoparticle drug delivery system has the charac⁃teristics of biopharmaceuticals and pharmacokinetics.Moreover,it has special advantages,including controlled release of drugs,long⁃term maintenance of drug concentration,biodegradability and biocompatibility,etc.Antibiotics,protein drugs,such as growth factors,and nucleic acids used for gene delivery or mRNA knockout can be absorbed or dissolved in nanoparticles.Liposomes and polymer nanoparticle delivery systems can target bacteria and specific host cells.Inor⁃ganic nanoparticles and nanocrystals have good antibacterial activity that can promote periodontal tissue regeneration and play an important role in bone regeneration and bone repair.Dendrimers have internal hydrophobic and external hy⁃drophilic structures and are good drug carriers for periodontitis.

关 键 词：牙周炎 纳米粒子 脂质体 聚合物纳米粒子 无机纳米粒子 纳米晶体 树枝状大分子 递药系统 微生物 抗炎 抗菌 药物治疗 药物载体 

分 类 号：R78[医药卫生—口腔医学]