从文化认同到国家认同:耕耤制度与十八世纪清王朝国家治理的文化策略  

From Cultural Identity to National Identity:The Ploughing Ceremony and the Cultural Strategy of State Governance of the Qing Dynasty in the 18th Century

作　　者：王洪兵[1] 张松梅[2] WANG Hongbing(Institute of Chinese Social History, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学中国社会史研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]中共青岛市委党校经济学教研部,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期120-126,共7页Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“青苗会与近代华北乡村社会变迁研究”(14BZS049)阶段成果。

摘　　要：在以农为本的传统中国,耕耤典礼作为延续数千年的一项礼仪传统,承载着中华文化和民族精神的精华。在十八世纪的国家治理实践中,清王朝统治者意识到耕耤典礼是中国传统文化连绵不断的一项符号象征,有助于建构文化认同,从而实现国家认同,因此突破民族文化上的差异,将耕耤典礼纳入到国家祭祀体系,并不断提升其在国家祀典中的地位,以此为清王朝的国家治理提供合法依据。在十八世纪的中国,无论是康熙,还是雍正、乾隆,都充分利用耕耤典礼所阐发的勤劳奋斗、天人合一、以德治国、重农固本等民族精神,不断推进国家治理进程走向深入,从而为十八世纪盛世局面的出现提供了精神动力和智力支持。In agriculture-based traditional China,the ploughing ceremony as a traditional etiquette lasting thousands of years carried the essence of Chinese culture and its national spirit.In the practice of governing the country in the 18th century,the rulers of the Qing dynasty realized that the ploughing ceremony was a symbol of the continuity of traditional Chinese culture,which helped to construct the cultural identity and realize the national identity.Therefore,they tried to eradicate the differences in ethnic cultures,incorporated the farming ceremony into the national sacrificial system,and constantly promoted its status in the national sacrificial ceremony so as to provide a legal basis for its national governance.Emperor Kangxi,Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong all made full use of the fine elements of hard work,unity of heaven and man,rule by virtue,and priority to agriculture in the national spirit,and constantly improved the process of state governance,which provided spiritual power and intellectual support for the emergence of prosperity in the 18th century.

关 键 词：耕耤典礼 政治仪式 文化认同 国家认同 国家治理 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]