体验式饮食教育对慢性肾脏病患者低蛋白饮食依从性的影响  

The effect of experiential diet education on the compliance of low-protein diet in patients with chronic kidney disease

作　　者：李党香[1] 刘蓉[2] 金骁 顾惠英[2] 王玉[2] Li Dangxiang;Liu Rong;Jin Xiao;Gu Huiying;Wang Yu(Department of Nursing,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100029,China;Department of Nephrology,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院护理部,100029 [2]首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院肾内科,100029

出　　处：《中国实用护理杂志》2021年第31期2414-2419,共6页Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing

摘　　要：目的探讨体验式饮食教育对慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者低蛋白饮食依从性的影响,为提高CKD患者低蛋白饮食的依从性提供依据。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院肾内科收治的CKD3期患者119例,根据患者住院时间分为2组,2018年3—12月住院的58例患者作为对照组,采用常规饮食教育,2019年1—9月住院的61例患者作为观察组,在对照组基础上,采用体验式饮食教育,并在出院时对观察组进行饮食体验感受调查。患者出院3个月后,通过问卷调查2组患者的低蛋白饮食依从性,并对观察组不能继续坚持使用CKD营养套餐的原因进行分析。结果观察组低蛋白饮食依从性得分为(49.44±6.38)分,高于对照组的(45.50±6.45)分,差异有统计学意义(t值为2.68,P<0.05)。出院时观察组对营养套餐体验的满意度>70%,但3个月后仍在继续坚持的占9.8%(6/61),55例患者不能坚持的主要原因为价格贵和制作不方便。结论针对CKD患者的体验式饮食教育,是常规教育与饮食体验实践相结合的一种全新教育模式,能有效地提高患者对低蛋白饮食治疗的依从性,值得推广。Objective To discuss the effect of experiential diet education on the compliance of low-protein diet in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD),provide basis for improving the compliance of low protein diet in patients with CKD.Methods A total of 119 patients with CKD stage 3 who were hospitalized from March 2018 to September 2019 in the Division of Nephrology of Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University were selected.They were divided into the following two groups according to the admission time:the control group(58 cases)from March to December 2018 received traditional education,and the observation group(61 cases)from January to September 2019 received systematic experiential diet education on the basis of the control group.At the time of discharge,the eating experience of the observation group was investigated.Three months after discharge,the LPD compliance of the patients in the two groups were investigated by questionnaire,and statistical analyses were performed.And the reason why the observation group could not continue to use CKD nutrition package was analyzed.Results The score of compliance was(49.44±6.38)points in the observation group and(45.50±6.45)points in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t value was 2.68,P<0.05).At the time of discharge,the satisfaction of the observation group was more than 70%,but only 6 patients(9.8%,6/61)adhered to the nutritional package after 3 months.The main reasons why 55 patients could not insist were expensive cost and inconvenient production.Conclusions Experiential diet education for patients with CKD is a brand-new education model combining routine education and diet experience practice.It can effectively improve the compliance of patients with LPD,which is worth being popularized.

关 键 词：护理 饮食 体验式教育 依从性 慢性肾脏病 

分 类 号：R473.6[医药卫生—护理学]