正义之首:罗尔斯的社会制度正义  

Priority of Justice:Analysis on John Rawls’Social Institutional Justice

作　　者：龚群[1] GONG Qun

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期1-8,178,共9页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：中国人民大学国家治理现代化平台与应用伦理学跨学科重大规划创新平台2021年度中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金项目资助。

摘　　要：以社会制度正义为主题是罗尔斯正义论的鲜明特色。社会基本制度在罗尔斯那里又称为社会基本结构,对人的生活和命运等有着十分深远的影响,并会造成社会的深刻不平等,因而罗尔斯强调正义对于社会制度具有首要价值。罗尔斯的正义概念的内涵是平等的公民基本自由或公民的平等基本权利,他正是用这一概念来衡量制度正义或建构制度正义原则。罗尔斯继承了古典契约论的方法,以契约为起点来建构一个合乎正义的社会基本制度。但与古典契约论不同的是,罗尔斯的契约不是直接选择建立政治社会,而是选择可以指导社会基本制度的正义原则。罗尔斯认为,只有能够确保平等公民基本权利的两个正义原则,才可激发广泛的正义感,正义社会的稳定性才可有保障;在多元性宗教、道德与哲学文化的背景下,政治正义观念的重叠共识对于正义社会的稳定性也具有十分重要的意义。同时罗尔斯所理解的正义制度的稳定性并不意味着没有政治变革的可能,只要公民的基本平等自由权利得不到现实制度的保障,社会变革的可能性就存在。正义制度的稳定性与政治变革对于罗尔斯来说同样重要。Taking social system justice as the theme is the distinctive feature of Rawls’theory of justice.The basic social system is also called the basic social structure in Rawls,which has a very far-reaching impact on people’s life and destiny,and will cause profound social inequality.Therefore,Rawls reiterates that justice has the primary value for the social system.The connotation of Rawls’concept of justice is the basic freedom or equal basic rights of equal citizens.He employs this concept to measure institutional justice or construct the principle of institutional justice.Rawls inherited the method of classical contract theory and took contract as the starting point to construct a just basic social system.However,what’s different from the classical contract theory is that Rawls’contract does not directly choose to establish a political society,but chooses the principle of justice that can guide the basic social system.Rawls believes that only when the two principles of justice are guaranteed,citizens can stimulate a broad sense of justice and ensure the stability of a just society.Under the background of pluralistic religion,morality,philosophy and culture,the overlapping consensus of the concept of political justice is also of great significance to the stability of a just society.At the same time,the stability of justice system by Rawls does not mean that there is no possibility of political change.As long as citizens’basic equal and free rights are not guaranteed by the real system,the possibility of social changes will exist.The stability of just social system and political reform are equally important to Rawls.

关 键 词：罗尔斯 社会制度正义 社会基本结构 正义感 制度稳定性 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]