阿尔茨海默病研究进展  

Alzheimer's disease:Shackling the width of life

作　　者：李丽娟[1] 肖轩盛 郑焱[1] LI Lijuan;XIAO Xuansheng;ZHENG Yan(Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology,Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学基础医学院生理学与病理生理学系,北京100069

出　　处：《科技导报》2021年第20期69-79,共11页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81971004)。

摘　　要：综述了阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)发病机制的胆碱能假说、Aβ级联假说、免疫炎症学说、兴奋毒性学说和糖脂代谢学说等的研究进展;介绍了近几年发展起来的新的研究手段,如光遗传及冷冻电镜技术和光、磁、超声技术在AD研究及治疗领域的应用;提出应注重与其他跨界学科的交叉,如先进成像/检测技术、精准诊断和防治、可穿戴式物理治疗仪等。The Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder most commonly found in elderly people,which imposes a massive burden on both the families and the society.It is not only one of the most serious health issue facing the mankind,but also a major social problem restricting the sustainable development of the social economy in the 21st century.Unfortunately,there is no reliable method to treat or even to delay the process due to the unknown pathogenesis of the AD.Therefore,to precisely elucidate the mechanisms of the AD and thereby to find a way of treating the disease is a hot topic in the AD research field.This paper reviews representative studies of the AD mechanisms related to the cholinergic system,the Aβ cascade hypothesis,the immune inflammation,the excitatory toxicity and the glucolipid metabolism,as well as recent studies by using novel techniques including the optogenetics,the cryo-electron microscopy imaging,the photo-and magnetic stimulation,and the ultrasonic drug delivery.It is suggested that we should pay attention to other interdisciplinary fields,such as the advanced imaging/detection technology,the accurate diagnosis and prevention,and the wearable physical therapy instrument.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 衰老 胆碱能假说 Aβ级联假说 免疫炎症 兴奋毒性 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]