卫藏藏族与康巴藏族的Heath-Carter法体型  

A study of Weizang and Kham Tibetans’ somatotype by Heath-Carter method

作　　者：包金萍[1] 宇克莉[2] 李咏兰[3,4] 李翀 张兴华 郑连斌[2] BAO Jinping;YU Keli;LI Yonglan;LI Chong;ZHANG Xinghua;ZHENG Lianbin(Institute of Sports Science,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387;College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity,Tianjin 300387;College of Life Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot,010022;College of Ethnology and Anthropology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot,010022)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学体育科学学院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学生命科学学院,天津市动物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,天津300387 [3]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022 [4]内蒙古师范大学民族学人类学学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《人类学学报》2021年第5期834-846,共13页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31671245);国家自然科学基金重点项目(30830062);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2015FY111700)。

摘　　要：运用Heath-Carter人体测量法,对云南省迪庆400例康巴藏族成人和西藏林芝507例卫藏藏族成人进行了体型研究。卫藏藏族男性(5.0-6.2-1.1)和康巴藏族男性(4.4-5.1-1.6)均为偏内胚层的中胚层体型。卫藏藏族女性(5.7-6.1-0.8)和康巴藏族女性(5.6-5.7-1.1)均为内胚层-中胚层均衡型体型。总体上看,卫藏藏族和康巴藏族体型具有一致性,也存在差异。卫藏藏族男、女性和康巴藏族男、女性都属于身体线性度低,骨骼、肌肉发达,体脂丰满的体型。卫藏藏族男性、女性比康巴藏族男性、女性的脂肪更多一些,肌肉、骨骼更发达一些,体态更丰满一些。本文从藏族族源的形成以及生活环境的视角,探讨了同为藏族的卫藏与康巴藏族之间体型的异同,和同为生活在高海拔族群间体型差异产生的原因。研究结果提示藏族具有中国北方民族的体型特征。藏族的多脂肪,骨骼肌肉发达,身体粗壮的体型特征也是对高原环境的适应。The somatotypes of 400 Kham Tibetan adults in Diqing of Yunnan Province and 507 Weizang Tibetan adults in Linzhi of Tibet were studied by the Heath-Carter method.Both Weizang Tibetan males(5.0-6.2-1.1) and Kham Tibetan males(4.4-5.1-1.6) are endomorphic mesomorph.Both Weizang Tibetan females (5.7-6.1-0.8) and Kham Tibetan females(5.6-5.7-1.1) are endomorph mesomorph.In general,the Tibetans of Weizang and Kham have the same somatotype,and there are also differences.The Weizang and Kham Tibetans have low linearity,strong bones and muscles,and higher body fat.The Weizang Tibetans have more fat,stronger muscles and bones,and fuller body than Kham Tibetans.From the perspective of the Tibetan origin and the living environment,this article explores the similarities and differences of somatotypes between the Weizang and Kham Tibetans,and the reasons for the differences of somatotypes between ethnic groups living at high altitudes.The research results suggest that the Tibetans have the somatotype characteristics of Chinese northern ethnic groups.The somatotype characteristics of fleshy body fat,strong skeletal muscles and stout bodies of Tibetans are also adapted to the plateau environment.

关 键 词：Heath-Carter 人体测量 藏族 卫藏 康巴 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]