低温异养硝化菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性研究  

Screening of Low-temperature Heterotrophic Nitrifying Bacteria and Their Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics

作　　者：李珍阳 姜润 刘琳 李思琦 王晓慧[2] LI Zhen-yang;JIANG Run;LIU Lin;LI Si-qi;WANG Xiao-hui(Airport New City In Xixian New Area,Xi’an 712034;College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]陕西省西咸新区空港新城管理委员会,西安712034 [2]北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2021年第10期45-56,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0401105);北京市科技计划项目(Z181100002418017)。

摘　　要：从冬季北京化工大学污水处理站活性污泥、江苏省某污水处理厂生物转盘污泥和实验室的好氧颗粒污泥中筛选出3株较好的低温异养硝化的菌株制成混合菌剂,解决低温条件下异养硝化菌硝化能力差的问题。应用传统分离纯化培养技术筛选菌株,纳氏试剂分光光度法评价菌株的异养硝化能力,通过形态观察、生理生化特性和16S rDNA测序对菌株进行种属鉴定,设计正交试验和单因素试验,确定菌剂复配比并进行固定化,探究低温异养硝化的最优条件。在13℃下共筛选出3株脱氮效果好的菌株,经鉴定均属于不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.),复合菌剂最佳复配比为1:1:1,进行固定化后在碳源为柠檬酸钠、pH为8、NH4+-N浓度为50 mg/L、NaCl浓度为10 g/L-20 g/L时,其氨氮去除效率可达95.86%,对高氨氮,高盐度废水具有较高耐受性,在低温废水处理方面具有潜在的应用价值。Three strains capable of low temperature heterotrophic nitrification were selected from the activated sludge of the sewage treatment station of Beijing University of Chemical Technology in winter,the sludge of rotating biological contactor of a sewage treatment plant in Jiangsu province and aerobic granular sludge in a laboratory to solve the problem of poor nitrification ability of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria at low temperature.Applying traditional separation and purification culture technology to screen strains,and Nessler’s reagent spectrophotometric method to evaluate the heterotrophic nitrification ability,the strains were identified by morphological observation,physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing.Orthogonal test and single factor test were designed to determine the compound ratio of bacteria and immobilization to explore the optimal conditions of heterotrophic nitrification at low temperature.Three strains with good nitrogen removal efficiency were screened at 13℃.All of them were identified as Acinetobacter sp,the optimal ratio of inoculating amount of three strains was 1:1:1.After immobilization,when the carbon source was sodium citrate,the concentration of pH was 8,the concentration of NH4+-N was 50 mg/L,and the concentration of NaCl was 10-20 g/L,the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen reached 95.86%.The bacterial agent presents high tolerance to high ammonia nitrogen and high salinity wastewater,and thus has a broad application prospect in the field of low temperature wastewater treatment.

关 键 词：低温异养硝化 分离鉴定 硝化 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X703