硅基膜材缓控释肥在红壤中的氮素释放特征研究  

Nitrogen release characteristics of silicon-based membrane slow-release fertilizer in red soil

作　　者：冯兆滨[1,2] 冀建华 刘秀梅[1,2] 侯红乾 吕真真[1,2] 蓝贤瑾 刘益仁[1,2] 夏文建 张树清[3] 张建峰 张夫道 张民[4] 杨越超 FENG Zhao-bin;JI Jian-hua;LIU Xiu-mei;HOU Hong-qian;LÜZhen-zhen;LAN Xian-jin;LIU Yi-ren;XIA Wen-jian;ZHANG Shu-qing;ZHANG Jian-feng;ZHANG Fu-dao;ZHANG Min;YANG Yue-chao(Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural sciences,Nanchang Jiangxi 330200;National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,Nanchang Jiangxi 330200;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Shandong Agricultural University,Taian Shandong 271508)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院,江西南昌330200 [2]国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330200 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [4]山东农业大学,山东泰安271508

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第5期239-244,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200702、2018YFD0200906、2018YFD0200703);国家自然科学基金(31101603);江西省赣鄱555工程人选资助项目。

摘　　要：通过土壤培养法和饱和盐溶液蒸汽压法,研究硅基膜材缓控释肥在不同土壤温度、含水量和水蒸汽压条件下的氮素释放特性,探讨土壤温度、含水量和水蒸汽压因素对其氮素释放的影响,阐述其在红壤中的控释机制。结果表明:硅基膜材缓控释肥在红壤中的氮素释放速率均随土壤温度、水分含量和水蒸汽压升高而明显提高,其中温度是主要影响因素。不同条件下,包膜肥料的氮素释放率随培养时间的变化均符合一级动力学方程。包膜尿素在15、25、40和60℃的红壤中,氮素累积释放率达80%所需要的时间分别为140、110、25和10 d。土壤含水量为10%时,养分释放受抑制;当土壤含水量由20%上升至40%,养分释放速率加快,释放期缩短20 d。养分释放速率常数k随水蒸汽压差的增大而增加;相同培养时间内,氮素累积释放率H_(2)O>KH_(2)PO_(4)饱和溶液>KCl饱和溶液。土壤温度和含水量均通过改变包膜内外水蒸汽压而影响养分释放速率。在实际应用过程中,致使硅基膜材缓控释肥膜内外水蒸汽压变化的因素,均对其养分释放速率产生影响。The nitrogen release characteristics of silicon-based membrane slow-release fertilizer under different soil temperature,water content and vapor pressure conditions were studied by soil cultivation and saturation salt solution vapor pressure method.The effects of soil temperature,water content and water vapor pressure on nitrogen release were discussed,and the controlled-release mechanism in red soil was expounded.The results showed that the nitrogen release rate of silicon-based membrane slowrelease fertilizer in red soil increased significantly with soil temperature,water content and water vapor pressure increasing.The most important factor was soil temperature.The nitrogen release rate of coated fertilizer with cultivation time followed the first-order kinetic equation under different conditions.Coated urea time required was 140,110,25 and 10 d in red soil at 15,25,40 and 60℃,respectively,when the cumulative nitrogen release rate was 80%of the total.Nutrient release was inhibited when soil water content was 10%.The nutrient release rate accelerated and the release period was shortened by 20 d when soil water content raised from 20%to 40%.The nutrient release rate constant k increased with the water vapor pressure deficit increasing.For the same cultivation time,the nitrogen accumulation release rate showed as the saturated solution of H_(2)O>KH_(2)PO_(4) saturated solution>KCl saturated solution.Soil temperature and water content can change the water vapor pressure inside and outside the membrane,and then affect the nutrient release rate.In the practical application,the factors that cause the change of water vapor pressure inside and outside the membrane of silicon-based membrane slow-release fertilizer will all affect the nutrient release rate.

关 键 词：硅基 缓控释肥 氮素释放 红壤 

分 类 号：S145[农业科学—肥料学]