从自主到自律:青少年体育学习自由度论议  

From Autonomy to Self-Discipline:On Teenagers'Learning Degree of Freedom in Physical Education

作　　者：邵天逸 李启迪[2] SHAO Tianyi;LI Qidi(College of Teacher Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,Zhejiang,China;College of Physical Education and Health Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学教师教育学院,浙江金华321004 [2]浙江师范大学体育与健康科学学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《上海体育学院学报》2021年第11期71-80,共10页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(17ATY008)。

摘　　要：青少年体育学习自由度是体育课程教学必须面对的问题,长期以来该问题在学理上并未得到有效解答。在梳理前人研究成果与问题的基础上,以青少年本位为视角,对青少年体育学习自由度进行探究。认为:青少年体育学习的自由包含"自主、决断、自律"3个主要内容,且三者之间相互关联,构成一体。其中,"自主"是自由的原生动力,"决断"是自由的中间媒介,"自律"是自由的最高境界。在此基础上,揭示从自主到自律的内生型演进机制,认为青少年体育学习自由的本质在于青少年内心的道德觉醒,自己为自身立法,自觉遵守。结合体育课程教学的实践,从青少年、教师、师生关系、教学模式、教学方式等层面提出青少年体育学习自由的实践策略:拓展全学段选项课程;改良教学管理作风;避免灌输,鼓励青少年自主决策;优选领会式教学模式;因材施教,分层教学。Teenagers'learning degree of freedom in physical education is one of the issues to be solved in teaching,which has not been fully explained in theory for a long time.Based on previous studies,the teenagers'learning degree of freedom is explored in physical education from a student-oriented perspective.The results show that autonomy,decision-making and self-discipline are three important dimensions interrelated as a whole,among which,autonomy is the motive power,decision-making is the medium while self-discipline is the highest level.Based on this,the endogenous evolution mechanism from autonomy to self-discipline has been established,with the essence of students'inner moral awakening,making rules on their own and following them.Combined with the teaching practice,several practical strategies are put forward for teenagers'learning degree of freedom in physical education from the aspects of students,teachers,teacher-student relationships,teaching modes and teaching methods.They are to expand optional courses of the whole learning periods,improve the style of teaching management,avoid indoctrination and let students make decisions independently,give priority to comprehend teaching modes,and cater for their abilities.

关 键 词：青少年 体育学习 体育课程教学 自由 自主 决断 自律 道德觉醒 

分 类 号：G807[文化科学—体育训练]