商超自然工质CO_(2)制冷系统增效技术及碳减排预测  

Efficiency enhancement technology and carbon emission prediction of refrigeration system taking CO_(2) natural refrigerant in supermarkets

作　　者：代宝民 刘圣春[1] 曹钰 杨海宁 冯一宁 肖鹏 DAI Baomin;LIU Shengchun;CAO Yu;YANG Haining;FENG Yining;XIAO Peng(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China;Danhua Hongye Refrigeration Technology Company Limited,Tianjin 300131,China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学天津市制冷技术重点实验室,天津300134 [2]天津市丹华宏业制冷技术有限公司,天津300131

出　　处：《华电技术》2021年第11期74-84,共11页HUADIAN TECHNOLOGY

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51806151);天津市自然科学基金项目(20JCQNJC00600);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010069047)。

摘　　要：《〈蒙特利尔议定书〉基加利修正案》于2021年9月15日对我国生效。商超冷冻冷藏领域使用CO_(2)替代常规人工合成制冷剂是可靠解决方案,然而CO_(2)制冷系统高压运行导致较大的节流损失造成其能效偏低。对商超CO_(2)制冷系统形式,提升能效的最新技术手段,国内、外应用现状进行了总结。我国目前仅有少数示范商超使用CO_(2)制冷设备用于冷冻冷藏,根据其实际运行能耗,核算其全生命周期气候性能(LCCP),对其采用新技术后的碳减排量进行预测,与现有R404A系统的碳排放量进行对比。对制约我国商超CO_(2)技术推广的因素进行分析,建议根据超市所在地区的气候条件、峰谷电价差异及周边场地情况改进系统形式以提高制冷系统能效。针对设备价格昂贵问题,建议相关部门给予政策补贴和支持。此外,可通过加强宣传,加深用户对制冷剂替代、"双碳"目标、节能减排政策的了解,提高市场认可度,同时为设备优化设计及低碳高效运行提供参考。China formally accepted the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on September 15 th,2021.For the frozen and refrigeration equipment in supermarkets,CO_(2) is a reliable substitute for regular synthetic refrigerants.However,highpressure operation of CO_(2) refrigeration systems leads to huge throttling losses,resulting in low energy efficiency of the system. The configurations of the CO_(2) refrigeration systems applied in supermarkets are introduced,and the latest technology to improve the energy efficiency and their status quo at home and abroad are summarized.At present,only a few demonstration supermarkets in China are using CO_(2) refrigeration equipment.According to the actual energy consumption of CO_(2) refrigeration equipment,the life cycle climate performance(LCCP)is calculated.Compared with the carbon emission of the existing equipment taking refrigerant R404 A,the carbon emission reduction realized by the equipment taking new technology is predicted.Analyzing the factors restricting the CO_(2) technology promotion in China,it is suggested that the energy efficiency of the refrigeration system can be enhanced by taking climatic conditions,differences between peak electricity price and off-peak electricity price and the site condition around the supermarket into consideration. It is recommended that the exorbitant price of the equipment should be lower by policy subsidies,and the acceptance of CO_(2) refrigeration system on the market can be improved by promoting the of alternative refrigerants,the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction.The suggestion will provide a reference for the optimization design and low-carbon and efficient operation of the refrigeration equipment.

关 键 词：自然工质CO_(2) 商超 冷冻冷藏 增效技术 碳排放 全生命周期气候性能 “双碳”目标 

分 类 号：TK01[动力工程及工程热物理]