论近代法国两次“国族之问”  

On the“Question about the Nation”Asked Twice in Modern France

作　　者：曾晓阳[1] Xiaoyang Zeng

机构地区：[1]中山大学外国语学院,广州510275

出　　处：《世界民族》2021年第5期11-20,共10页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“近代法国‘共和民族’认同思想构建与教育实践研究(1789—1914)”(16BSS042)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：相隔近一个世纪之遥,近代法国两位理论巨擘西耶斯和勒南,为了解决法国当时的社会政治问题,发出同一个"国族之问"。西耶斯提出"第三等级即国族"说,旨在唤醒第三等级的国族意识,进而建立一个全新的政治秩序。其国族定义呈现出鲜明的阶级性、种族性和反历史性,点燃了法国大革命的引信,拉开了近代法国长达一个世纪的政体之争的帷幕。勒南则强调人民的国族自决权及其"日复一日的公民投票"特性,确立了法国政治民族主义的政治意愿核心论,为当时处于竞争中的欧洲各国族国家解决国族归属争端及其背后的领土归属纷争,即国族国家之间的"划界"问题,提供了重要的理论参考,同时也有力地支持了法国的国族统一与国家统一大计。这两次跨世纪的"国族之问"之缘起以及解问之异同,展现出"国族"概念的强烈的时代性和政治性。About a century apart,in order to solve the social and political problems facing France then,the two great theorists of modern France,Sieyès and Renan,asked the same question about the nation.Sieyès put forward the idea that"the Third Estate is the nation",which aimed at awakening the national consciousness of the Third Estate and establishing a new political order.His definition of nation was characterized by class,race and anti-history,which ignited the French Revolution and lifted the curtain of the century-long regime struggle in modern France.Whereas,Renan emphasized the features highlighting people’s right to national self-determination and their"day after day referendums",and established the theory about the key political will of French political nationalism,thus providing for the European nations in competition an important theoretical reference to solve the disagreements of national affiliation and territorial disputes behind it,which was a big problem of"demarcation"among nation-states then,and also favorably supporting the great endeavor of national unification of France.The similarities and differences of the reasons and answers of the two"questions about the nation"asked a century apart showed the strong epochal and political nature of the concept of"nation".

关 键 词：国族 西耶斯 勒南 法国大革命 政治民族主义 

分 类 号：D756.5[政治法律—政治学]