一种以“一”与“半”为特征词的关系构式  

A Relational Construction Featuring “Yi”(一) and “Ban”(半)

作　　者：许剑宇[1] Xu Jianyu(School of Humanities,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第5期71-83,共13页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(14ZDB093)。

摘　　要：对于数词"一"与"半"前后呼应形成的构式,过去常探讨的是其四字格形式,如"一时半会""一知半解",大体上表示数量少。其实另有一种"一……半……"构式与之迥然有别,值得研究。首先是形式上突破了四字格,其典型形态为五字对,例如"一部民国史,半部在浙江""一座开封城,半部民国史"。其次,它意在强调某一局部在一个整体里的重要地位。这一种"一……半……"构式是一种涉数型、对举型、文化型构式。该构式中的固定项是前后呼应的数词"一"与"半",可称之为关系特征词。它们各自居于前后半截的发端位置,其中的"半"更是处于该构式的核心位置,是反映句内关系的关键所在。Concerning the constructions formed by the echoes of the numerals"Yi"(一)and"Ban"(半),four-character phrases,such as"一时半会"and"一知半解",which generally means small quantity,used to draw most attention.The research objects selected in this paper are quite different.Firstly,they are not confined to the four-character structure in form,as shown in such constructions as"一部民国史,半部在浙江"and"一座开封城,半部民国史",which are typically structured in a couplet with two five-character lines.Secondly,it is intended to emphasize the importance of a certain part in a whole.The first example mentioned above is characterized by the whole preceding the part,while the second is characterized by the part preceding the whole.In both cases,under the premise that the frame of"一……,半……"remains unchanged,the nouns in the front and back of each can also be reversed as"一个浙江省,半部民国史"and"一部民国史,半部在开封",which basically mean the same as the original expressions.The fixed items in this construction are the corresponding numerals"一"and"半",called relational characteristic words in this paper,They are initially positioned in the front section and in the back section respectively,with"半"at the core of the construction,as a key indication of the sentence-internal relationship.In some examples,"一"can be omitted,but not"半".Another key to this construction is the nouns included in the first section and in the second section respectively.Drawing on the"Figure-Ground"model in the image schema theory of cognitive linguistics,this paper clarifies the two conceptual categories of the nouns that represent the whole(hereinafter referred to as N-whole)and the nouns that represent part(hereinafter referred to as N-part),and summarizes in one sentence the relationship between the nominal phrases in this construction:the N-whole includes but is not confined to the N-part with the latter meaning less than a half of the former,which explains why raising it to the sta

关 键 词：数词 一 半 特征词 构式 

分 类 号：H146.1[语言文字—汉语]