晶硅太阳能在“双碳”经济中的作用与影响  

Effect and impact of crystalline silicon solar energy in the“double carbon”economy

作　　者：严大洲[1,2,3] 刘艳敏 万烨 杨永亮[1] 杨涛 孙强[1,2] 赵雄 张升学[1] 张志刚[1] YAN Da-zhou;LIU Yan-min;WAN Ye;YANG Yong-liang;YANG Tao;SUN Qiang;ZHAO Xiong;ZHANG Sheng-xue;ZHANG Zhi-gang

机构地区：[1]中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京100038 [2]洛阳中硅高科技有限公司,河南洛阳471003 [3]硅基材料制备技术国家工程研究中心,河南洛阳471003 [4]中国有色工程有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2021年第5期1-6,共6页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

摘　　要：我国的碳排放居世界首位,2020年碳排放量为115亿t。在我国一次能源消费中,化石能源尤其是煤炭仍占据主导地位,2019年消费比例达到57.7%。近年来,虽然我国单位GDP碳排放已明显下降,但仍高于世界平均水平,而多晶硅及晶硅光伏产业是近年来发展起来的清洁能源,有望成为实现“碳中和”目标的重要支撑。2019年中国光伏总发电量2243亿kW·h,占全国总发电量的3.1%,中国发展改革委规划2050年达到39%,发电量6万亿kW·h,减少CO_(2)排放约71亿t,光伏发电将成为碳中和的绝对主力。近年来多晶硅生产能耗及成本大幅降低,单晶硅技术和金刚线切割技术的发展使得物料消耗也大幅下降,预计未来晶硅太阳能发电将在所有发电方式中成本最低,达到0.13元/kW·h,这为光伏发电规划目标的实现提供了保障。Chinese carbon emission ranks first in the world,with an amount of 11.5 billion tons in 2020.In China’s primary energy consumption,fossil energy especially coal still remains dominant,which accounts for 57.7%.In recent years,although China’s carbon emission per unit GDP has decreased significantly,it is still higher than the world average.The development of polysilicon and crystalline silicon photovoltaic industry is expected to become an important support for clean energy and primary measure to achieve the goal of“carbon neutrality”.In 2019,China’s total photovoltaic power generation was 224.3 billion kW·h,accounting for 3.1%of the country’s total power generation.It is planned to reach 39%in 2050 when the power generation will be 6 trillion kW·h and the CO_(2) emission will be reduced by 7.1 billion tons approximately,which is the absolute main force of carbon neutrality.In recent years,the energy consumption and cost of polysilicon production have been greatly reduced.The development of monocrystalline silicon technology and diamond wire cutting technology has greatly reduced the material consumption.It is expected that the cost of crystalline silicon solar power generation will be the lowest among all power generation modes in the future,reaching 0.13 RMB/kW·h,which provides a guarantee for the realization of the goal of photovoltaic power generation planning.

关 键 词：碳排放 碳中和 光伏发电 晶硅太阳能 多晶硅 单晶硅 发电成本 能源回报率 

分 类 号：F416.32[经济管理—产业经济] F416.2