植物根际微生物调控根系构型研究  

Advances in the Root System Architecture Regulated by Plant Rhizosphere Microorganisms

作　　者：李梦洁 李占彪 周思含 国辉[1,2,3,4] 何湘伟 耿兵[5] 朱昌雄[5] LI Meng-jie;LI Zhan-biao;ZHOU Si-han;GUO Hui;HE Xiang-wei;GENG Bing;ZHU Chang-xiong(College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding,Beijing 100083;Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083;The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100083;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]林木育种国家工程实验室,北京100083 [3]林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [4]树木花卉育种生物工程国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100083 [5]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2021年第11期895-904,共10页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2018ZY34);国家自然科学基金(31770110)。

摘　　要：植物根系构型即根系在其生长介质中的生长与分布,包括根系长度、根系分支和根系生物量等,能够将植物固定在土壤中并有效吸收水分和矿质养分,直接影响植物的生长和发育。根系构型受多种因素的影响,包括土壤水分、养分和根际微生物,传统方式主要依靠化学肥料增加土壤养分进而改善根系生长,但是化学肥料会对环境造成危害,根际微生物作为植物的“第二基因组”,能够改善初生根、侧根和根毛的发育,促进植物的生长和根际养分吸收,近年来基因组学−代谢组学、基因组学−转录组学等多组学关联技术的应用揭示了微生物的促生机制,为微生物菌剂的开发提供了新思路。基于该领域的研究现状,本文阐述了根际微生物(AMF、PGPR、根瘤菌)对根构型的调控机制包括激素调控、固氮、溶磷、释放挥发性有机化合物四个方面,并描述它们通过这四种机制增加植物根系长度、根系分支,促进根毛发育的调控效应,基于上述结论,植物根际微生物可以有效改善根系生长,但实际应用效果还有待研究,量化不同机制的相对贡献率以及提高微生物菌剂在实际应用中的稳定性是后续研究的重点。Plant root system architecture is the growth and distribution of the root system in its growth medium,include root length,number,branch and biomass,etc,which can fix plants in the soil and effectively absorb water and mineral nutrients,which directly affect the growth and development of plants.The root system architecture is affected by many factors,including soil moisture,nutrients and rhizosphere microorganisms.Conventional root ameliorated practices often rely on chemical fertilizers,which have immense and adverse effects on environments.Therefore,it is necessary to propose alternatives to chemical fertilizers.The rhizosphere of the plant is an essential niche with abundant microorganisms residing in it,those rhizospheric microbes link the interaction of plants and soil to promote nutrient solubilization and they possess the properties of the primary root,lateral root and root hair growth ameliorated as the second genome of the plant.The application in the techniques of multi-omic analysis(genomics-metabolomics,genomics-transcriptomics,etc)can explore deeply related mechanisms for beneficial microbes affect root development.These mechanisms are of great importance in improving soil fertility and plant growth,thus reducing the negative impact of chemical fertilizers on the environment.Therefore,the aim of this paper was to review the research methods,effects and mechanisms of root system architecture regulated by plant rhizosphere microorganisms.The results indicated that AMF,PGPR and rhizobium increased root length,root diameter,root branch and promoted root hair and lateral root development through four mechanisms(nitrogen fixation,phosphate solubilization,regulation of plant secretion of plant hormones,and release of volatile organic compounds).Above all,plant rhizosphere microorganisms can improve root system architecture,but the effect of plant rhizosphere microorganism’s application still needs to be further studied.Quantifying the relative contributions of different mechanisms and improving the stabili

关 键 词：根系构型 丛枝菌根真菌 根瘤菌 植物根际促生菌 微生物菌剂 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]