宋元环珠江口的县域变迁与土地开发--以香山县为中心  

County Territory Transition and Land Development around Pearl River Estuary in the Southern Song and Yuan Dynasties

作　　者：吴建新[1] Wu Jianxin

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学历史系

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2021年第2期199-212,共14页Studies of Maritime History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“宋元以来珠江三角洲海岸带环境史料的搜集、整理与研究”(19ZDA201)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：香山县是古代、近代珠江三角洲最大的沙田县。它具备珠江三角洲发育的各种形式,如沿岛屿发育,沿海岸边发育,沿激流之中的洲心发育,使大大小小的平地分布在海上。它的耕地形成是自然冲积和人工围垦结合的过程。文献所载香山的土地开发,汉唐时期初见端倪,北宋已有雏形。香山在南宋绍兴年间建县,建县后到元朝的沙田开发,使沙洲之间的“海”已经变小很多,这是明清以前沙田开发的一个新起点。关于这一问题尚未见专论,本文试对此加以阐述。Compared with the development of Xiangshan Town before Tang Dynasty and the beginning of Northern Song Dynasty,people from Xiangshan requested to establish a county for governance during Yuanfeng Period.However,it was inconsistent with the national policy of privileging north over south in the Northern Song Dynasty.Until Shaoxing Period in the Southern Song Dynasty,the request to establish a county by the local society of Xiangshan was approved by the state,which was because that the supplies of rice and salt needed by Southern Song Dynasty should be used to support finance.In the 22^(nd)year of Shaoxing Period,after Xiangshan County was established,a lot of immigrants were encouraged from different places to develop salt pan and sand field in Xiangshan.The profile of Southern Song Dynasty also indicated that clansman was the major force for land development.The residents from other counties on rental land property in Ming and Qing dynasties also occupied a lot of sand field.The development of salt pan and tide field made Xiangshan become a big county in Pearl River Delta,which was an important origin to produce salt and rice.Duck breeding in sand malchu also appeared in Yuan Dynasty,which was an important improvement of farming system.These created conditions for the formation and development of counties to be the most ocean culture-featured Xiangshan culture in Pearl River Delta.

关 键 词：County Territory Transition Land Development around Pearl River Estuary Southern Song Dynasty 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济] K244[历史地理—历史学] K247[历史地理—中国史]