机构地区:[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油新疆油田公司勘探开发研究院,新疆克拉玛依834000 [3]中国石油新疆油田公司风城油田作业区,新疆克拉玛依834009
出 处:《石油学报》2021年第10期1395-1404,共10页Acta Petrolei Sinica
基 金:国家科技重大专项“薄层超稠油有效开发技术研究与试验”(2016ZX05012)资助。
摘 要:受储层非均质性、钻井轨迹、启动方式、操作策略等因素影响,近1/3双水平井蒸汽辅助重力泄油技术(SAGD)开发效果不理想,表现为井下温度不均、局部汽窜、泄油速度慢、油汽比低。此外,大量强非均质稠油油藏面临水平井经济开发的难题。布署流量控制器(FCDs)实施分段管理,是近年来诸多石油公司改善稠油开发效果的技术方向之一。虽然流量控制器早已成功用于常规油气田控水开发,但在SAGD应用中仍面临高温高压、相变、稠油高黏强温敏、复杂乳化(油包水、水包油、水包油包水)、油水汽/气多相组成、出砂等新挑战。通过分析SAGD提质增效存在的问题和技术需求,总结了流量控制器在SAGD工况下的相变压力损失、额外阻汽效应等机理;统计了国外矿场试验项目的应用效果,分析了部分项目效果不佳的原因。通过筛选典型案例,深入剖析了SAGD应用的地质条件、实施动机、钻完井、举升和操作工艺、实施效果。在此基础上明确了国外FCDs技术应用处于试验验证到工业推广的过渡阶段,总结了流量控制器在SAGD应用中面临的挑战与发展方向,具体包括制约流量控制器调节性能的机制、针对热采工况的流量控制器结构设计和筛选标准、以油藏-井筒耦合为核心的地质与工程一体化设计方法、流量控制器性能的定量评价能力等。最后,针对FCDs技术的现场应用提出了可行建议。Affected by factors such as reservoir heterogeneity,drilling trajectory,start-up method,and operation strategy,unsatisfactory results are obtained in the development of nearly 1/3 of the dual horizontal wells using steam assisted gravity drainage(SAGD),indicated by uneven downhole temperature,local vapor channeling,and slow oil drainage rate,and low oil-steam ratio.In addition,a large number of heavy oil reservoirs with strong heterogeneity face the problems from economic development of horizontal wells.Flow control devices(FCDs)is deployed to implement segment management,which is one of the technical directions that many oil companies have explored in recent years to improve the development effectiveness of heavy oil.Although FCDs have been successfully used in the water controlling development of conventional oil and gas fields,they face new challenges such as high temperature and pressure,phase change,high viscosity and strong temperature sensitivity of heavy oil,complex emulsification(water in oil,oil in water,and water in oil in water),multiphase composition of oil-water-steam/gas,and sand production in SAGD applications.First,this paper analyzes the problems and technical requirements faced while improving the quality and efficiency of SAGD,and summarizes the operation mechanisms of FCDs under SAGD conditions,such as the pressure loss due to phase change,and additional steam resistance effect;then,it compiles statistics of the application effects of all foreign field test projects,and analyzes the underlying causes for the poor performance of some projects.Further,using typical cases,this paper deeply analyzes the relevant geological conditions,implementation motives,drilling and completion,lifting and operation process,and implementation effects.On this basis,it is clarified that these technology applications at abroad are in the transitional stage from experimental verification to industrial promotion.The challenges and development directions faced by FCDs in SAGD applications are summarized,including the
关 键 词:流量控制器 流入控制装置 流出控制装置 蒸汽辅助重力泄油 稠油 水平井 注蒸汽 地质与工程一体化
分 类 号:TE357[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]
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