中央环保督察对中国城市空气质量影响的实证研究--基于"环保督查"到"环保督察"制度变迁视角  

Research on the Impact of Central Government Environmental Supervision on Air Quality Improvement in Chinese Cities--Based on "Environmental Protection Inspection"to "Environmental Protection Supervision"

作　　者：刘亦文 王宇[3] 胡宗义 LIU Yiwen;WANG Yu;HU Zongyi(International Business School,Hunan University of Technology and Business,Changsha 410205,China;College of Finance and Statistics,Hunan University,Changsha 410079.China;College of Science,Hunan University of Technology and Business,Changsha 410205,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工商大学国际商学院,湖南长沙410205 [2]湖南大学金融与统计学院,湖南长沙410079 [3]湖南工商大学理学院,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《中国软科学》2021年第10期21-31,共11页China Soft Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目"环境服务型企业的智慧运营管理"(71991465);国家自然科学基金面上项目"基于市场的政策工具对能源-经济-环境系统的影响机理及基于MBIs-CGE模型的政策评估研究"(71774053);湖南省自然科学基金面上基金"长江经济带水资源生态保护横向补偿机制设计及其效应评测研究"(2020JJ4015);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目"基于市场导向的流域生态系统服务付费激励机制优化及其效应评测研究"(20A135)。

摘　　要：中国生态环境监管历经"督查"到"督察"的制度转变,为探究国家生态环境监管制度效果、演变逻辑及启示提供了绝佳契机。本文使用双重差分方法对中央环保督察前后进行评估,利用中国311个地级行政单位日度空气质量数据进行分析。结果发现,中央环保督察的两个阶段都能够对空气质量的改善起到显著作用,中央环保督察结束后,首轮督察和第二轮督察存在短期的持续性。中央环保督察存在溢出效应,同时在城市类型、地理区位、人口结构和污染程度等异质性方面首轮环保督察和第二轮环保督察都出现了显著的特征,并且通过了显著性检验。本文的研究为确立中央环保督察的重点区域、规划中央环保督察的合理框架以及实现生态文明的相关政策效果评估提供参考。China's ecological environmental supervision has undergone a transformation from"environmental protection inspection"to"environmental protection supervision",which provides a perfect opportunity to explore the effect,evolution logic and inspiration of the national ecological environmental supervision system.This paper uses the DID model to evaluate the central environmental supervision before and after.Based on the daily air quality data of 311 prefecture-level administrative units in China,the results show that two stages of central government environmental supervision can significantly improve air quality.And after the end of the central government environmental supervision,the first inspection and the second one have a short-term continuity.This paper further found the spillover effect of central government environmental supervision,in terms of different city types,geographical locations,population structure and pollution levels,the first and second rounds of environmental supervision have shown significantly different characteristics.This research provides suggestions for establishing the key areas of central government environmental supervision,planning the reasonable framework of environmental supervision,and providing an effect evaluation template for relevant policies to achieve ecological civilization.

关 键 词：中央环保督察 大气污染治理 双重差分 倾向得分 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]