黄河河南段流域洪灾的社会脆弱性评价  

Evaluation on Social Vulnerability to Flood Hazards in He’nan Section of Yellow River Basin

作　　者：崔凯凯 刘德林[1,2] 李翔海[1] Cui Kaikai;Liu Delin;Li Xianghai(Emergency Management School,He’nan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,He’nan 454000,China;Safety and Emergency Management Research Center,He’nan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,He’nan 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学应急管理学院,河南焦作454000 [2]河南理工大学安全与应急管理研究中心,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2021年第5期304-310,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划“中原城市群城市安全韧性水平评价及提升策略”(人文社科类)(2021-CX-010);国家自然科学基金项目“基于GIS的区域洪灾社会脆弱性评估与减灾策略研究:以河南省为例”(No.U1504705)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析黄河河南段流域洪灾的社会脆弱性,为河南省沿黄区域的防洪救灾能力建设和风险管理提供科学依据。[方法]以黄河流域河南段沿岸的7个地级市、1个省(管)市作为评价单元,从敏感性和社会应对水平两个维度选取了16个评价指标,并运用变异系数法确定指标权重,通过构建洪灾社会脆弱性模型,得出各评价单元的敏感性、社会应对水平和社会脆弱性指数。[结果](1)根据敏感性和社会应对水平指数特征,将河南段沿岸分为3种类型:低敏感性—低应对水平(濮阳、三门峡、济源、焦作市);高敏感性—低应对水平(开封、新乡市);高敏感性—高应对水平(洛阳、郑州市);(2)开封、濮阳市洪灾社会脆弱性等级为Ⅲ;洛阳、郑州市洪灾社会脆弱性等级为Ⅰ;其余区域等级为Ⅱ;(3)从空间分布上来看,高社会脆弱性区域主要分布于黄河河南段流域的下游地区,中上游区域除洛阳、郑州市外都属于中等社会脆弱性区域,整体处于中低脆弱性水平。[结论]洪灾社会脆弱性较高的区域主要是由于社会应对水平较低,对防灾减灾能力建设投入不够所造成。[Objective]In order to provide a scientific basis for capacity construction and risk management of flood hazards,the social vulnerability to flood in He’nan section of the Yellow River basin was studied.[Methods]Seven prefecture-level city and one provincial(administrated)city along the southern reaches of the Yellow River basin were chosen as the basic assessment unit,and 16 indices were identified from two aspects:sensitivity and social response to flood hazards.The weights of indices were determined using coefficients of variation,and the sensitivity,social response level,and social vulnerability index were calculated using the social vulnerability model.[Results]①According to the level of sensitivity and social response capacity,social vulnerability was classified as one of three types in He’nan section of the Yellow River basin:low sensitivity-low response capacity(Puyang,Sanmenxia,Jiyuan,and Jiaozuo cities);high sensitivity-low response capacity(Kaifeng,Xinxiang cities);high sensitivity-high response capacity(Luoyang,Zhengzhou cities).②The social vulnerability level for flood disasters in Kaifeng and Puyang City belonged to levelⅢ,Luoyang and Zhengzhou cities belonged to levelⅠ,and other cities belonged to levelⅡ.③From the perspective of spatial distribution,the areas of high social vulnerability were mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the He’nan section of the Yellow River.In the areas of the middle and upper reaches,Luoyang and Zhengzhou belonged to the low social vulnerability classification,and other areas belonged to middle social vulnerability classification.[Conclusion]Areas with high social vulnerability to flood hazards were mainly caused by the low social response capacity and insufficient investment in disaster prevention and mitigation capacity construction.

关 键 词：洪涝灾害 变异系数 社会脆弱性 黄河流域 河南段 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]