中国蓝碳市场建设的顶层设计与策略选择  

Top design and strategy selection of blue carbon market construction in China

作　　者：杨越 陈玲[1,2] 薛澜[1,2,3] YANG Yue;CHEN Ling;XUE Lan(School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Center for Industrial Develop-ment and Environment Governance,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Schwarzman Scholars,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084 [2]清华大学产业发展与环境治理研究中心,北京100084 [3]清华大学苏世民书院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2021年第9期92-103,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“基于适应性主体动态博弈的蓝碳交易机制研究”(批准号:72004114);国家社会科学基金项目“基于市场导向的创新体系中政府作用边界、机制与优化”(批准号:18ZDA115);中国博士后科学基金面上项目“中国开展蓝碳交易的现实路径与制度设计”(批准号:2020M670370)。

摘　　要：挖掘蓝碳资源的固碳增汇潜力,有助于完善国际气候治理体系,保证气候行动的生态完整性,实现生物多样性保护和海洋可持续发展等多重效益联动。我国亟需通过蓝碳市场的建设,推动蓝碳资源资本化进程,以解决蓝碳资源保护修复领域长期的资本误置和融资约束。为此,文章在生态资源资本化理论的基础上,提出系统建设蓝碳市场的总体思路,为指导产权确权、技术创新、价值核算、交易机制、运营投资等核心制度安排提供理论支撑,为处于不同发展阶段或不同产品/服务类型的项目提供差异化的交易机制选择,为蓝碳市场建设的政策制定提供决策参考:尽早形成我国蓝碳市场建设的战略决策和总体思路;加快海域使用权立体分权制度改革,探索相应产权激励机制;加大蓝碳科学的基础研究和技术创新,形成与市场需求相匹配的技术供给;完善蓝碳资源动态监测体系,建立相关资产核算和管理台账制度;发挥政府市场培育优势,推进蓝碳示范项目和案例研究;推进蓝碳纳入碳交易体系,探索更多蓝色金融创新模式。Exploring the potential of blue carbon sequestration and increase sink will help improve the international climate governance system,ensure the ecological integrity of climate action,realize the linkage of multiple benefits,including biodiversity conservation and marine sustainable development.Market mechanism is an effective way to accelerate the capitalization process of ecological resources.China urgently needs to promote the capitalization process of blue carbon resources through the construction of the blue carbon market,so as to solve the long-term capital misplacement and financing constraints in the field of blue carbon resource conservation and restoration.Therefore,based on the capitalization theory of ecological resources,this paper puts forward the general idea of systematic construction of the blue carbon market.This general framework provides theoretical support for guiding core institutional arrangements such as the confirmation of property rights,technological innovation,value accounting,transaction mechanism,and operating investment.It also attempts to arrange differentiated trading options for projects at different stages of development or different types of products and services,and to provide practical reference for policy suggestions on the construction of the blue carbon market.First of all,the strategic decision and overall framework for the construction of China’s blue carbon market should be formed as soon as possible.Secondly,it is necessary to speed up the reform of the three-dimensional decentralization system of maritime space use rights and explore the incentive mechanism of property rights.Thirdly,it is necessary to strengthen the basic research and technological innovation of blue carbon science,and form the technological supply matching the market demand.Fourthly,it is of great importance to improve the dynamic monitoring system of blue carbon resources,establish the accounting and management ledger system of related assets,give full play to the advantages of government market c

关 键 词：蓝碳 生态资源资本化 市场建设 交易机制 制度保障 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X55