土壤铅和镉溶出伏安法检测中影响因素及其削弱方法研究进展  

Research advances of influencing factors and weakening methods to determine Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+)in soils by anodic stripping voltammetry

作　　者：刘宁 赵国[3] 刘刚 Liu Ning;Zhao Guo;Liu Gang(Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research,Ministry of Education,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Artificial Intelligence,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学现代精细农业系统集成研究教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学农业农村部农业信息获取技术重点实验室,北京100083 [3]南京农业大学人工智能学院,南京210031

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第18期232-243,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(32071898);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2021TC111)。

摘　　要：溶出伏安法具有分析速度快、成本低、灵敏度高等优点,被广泛应用于检测土壤重金属含量,但在检测土壤重金属时,溶出伏安检测精度会受到多方面因素的影响。该文在介绍溶出伏安法工作原理的基础上,从伏安参数、试验条件和土壤物质成分三方面阐述溶出伏安法检测土壤Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+)为的影响因素,解析各因素的影响机理,归纳影响削弱方法的研究进展。研究结论为:方波脉冲阳极溶出伏安法最常用于检测土壤Pb^(2+)和Cd^(2+),伏安参数包括脉冲幅值、电压增量和脉冲频率,试验条件包括沉积时间、沉积电压和支持电解质种类及其pH值,土壤成分主要干扰因素包括非目标重金属和有机质。针对伏安参数和试验条件的影响,可以设计优化试验进行有效削弱。针对非目标重金属和有机质的干扰影响,目前研究还没有提出有效的削弱方法。最后,展望了溶出伏安法检测土壤重金属的未来发展方向。Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+)are non-biodegradable heavy metal elements with high toxicity.They,even at trace levels,can cause serious damage to the brain,kidneys,blood,nerves,and other organs.Improper human activities have deposited a large amount of Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+)into the soil,such as sewage irrigation,the abuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,as well as the excessive discharge of industrial wastes.The heavy metal ions have inevitably been absorbed by crops and then accumulated in animals.After that,these heavy metals can be enriched thousands of times into the human body,ultimately endangering human health,particularly under the biomagnification of food chain.Therefore,rapid,accurate,and reliable detection of Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+)in soil has been highly urgent to control heavy metal pollution for product safety in modern agriculture.One of electrochemical technique,Anodic Stripping Voltammetry(ASV)can be used for on-site and real-time detection of Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+)in soils,indicating high sensitivity,excellent selectivity,convenient operation,equipment portability,and low cost.However,ASV is susceptible to various influencing factors,leading to the decrease in the accuracy of heavy metals detection.The detection performance also varies in the different ASVs.According to the type of voltammetric signal,ASV can be divided into Square-Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry(SWASV),Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry(DPASV),and Linear Anodic Sweep Voltammetry.Among them,SWASV and DPASV are often used to detect Pb^(2+)and Cd^(2+)in soils,due to their higher sensitivity and lower detection limit.Voltammetric parameters negatively influence the stripping peak current of Pb^(2+) and Cd^(2+),including pulse amplitude,pulse frequency,and potential increment.Furthermore,the voltammetric response of target heavy metals depends seriously on experimental conditions,such as supporting electrolyte type and pH value,deposition potential,as well as deposition time.More importantly,there is the complex composition in soils,i

关 键 词：农业 环境 重金属 溶出伏安 试验条件 土壤成分 干扰研究 电化学 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化] O657.1[农业科学—农业工程]